Background
Methods
Patient enrollment and data collection
Cost and outcome assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Comparison between IS and HS patients
IS | HS |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|
n = 1173 |
n = 282 | ||
Demographics | |||
Age, year | 67.8 ± 12.8 | 62.4 ± 15.4 | < 0.001*
|
Gender (F/M) | 453/720 | 111/171 | 0.82 |
Stroke severity | |||
Initial NIHSS | 6.6 ± 7.1 | 14.7 ± 13.2 | < 0.001*
|
Stroke outcome | |||
Admission cost, US dollar | 2305.9 ± 3351.3 | 3566.5 ± 4380.7 | < 0.001*
|
Length of stay, day | 14.84 ± 15.61 | 18.61 ± 17.88 | 0.001*
|
One-year mRS score | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 2.2 | < 0.001*
|
Initial blood pressure | |||
Systolic BP, mmHg | 152.2 ± 23.5 | 157.0 ± 30.8 | 0.01*
|
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 85.5 ± 13.6 | 88.2 ± 18.4 | 0.02*
|
Risk factor of stroke | |||
Hypertension | 737 (62.8 %) | 164 (52.8 %) | 0.15 |
Diabetes mellitus | 355 (30.3 %) | 60 (21.3 %) | < 0.001*
|
Dyslipidemia | |||
TC ≥ 200 mg/dl | 305 (26.0 %) | 68 (24.1 %) | 0.51 |
LDL ≥ 130 mg/dl | 236 (20.1 %) | 41 (14.5 %) | 0.03*
|
Cigarette smoking | 429 (36.6 %) | 88 (31.2 %) | 0.09 |
History of previous stroke | 420 (35.8 %) | 78 (27.7 %) | 0.17 |
History of heart disease | 384 (32.7 %) | 49 (17.4 %) | < 0.001*
|
BUN/Cr ≥ 15 | 421 (35.9 %) | 120 (42.6 %) | 0.07 |
Infection | 214 (18.2 %) | 88 (31.2 %) | < 0.001*
|
Analyses of IS patients
Systolic BP (mmHg) | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 110 | 111 ~ 210 | ≥ 211 |
p
| ≤ 70 | 71 ~ 110 | ≥ 111 |
p
| |
n = 40 |
n = 1119 |
n = 14 |
n = 154 |
n = 973 |
n = 46 | |||
Age, year | 71.5 (56.8,76.5) | 69 (59,78) | 63.5 (58,77) | 0.74 | 73 (63,80) | 69 (58,77) | 60.5 (53.3,70.8) | < 0.001*
|
Gender (F/M) | 15/25 | 429/690 | 9/5 | 0.14 | 67/87 | 368/605 | 18/28 | 0.4 |
Initial NIHSS score | 6 (3.3,10) | 4 (2,8) | 7.5 (3.8,15) | 0.03*
| 4 (2,8) | 5 (2,8) | 5 (2,11) | 0.24 |
Admission cost, USD | 1784 (1043.9, 4905.1) | 1199.4 (844.5, 1975.7) | 2315.0 (1556.7, 5395.3) | < 0.001*
| 1264.5 (893.1, 2556.4) | 1201.1 (841.6, 1953.2) | 1499.7 (1048.2, 2912.4) | 0.01*
|
Length of stay, day | 23.5 ± 23.58 | 14.43 ± 15.06 | 22.86 ± 21.73 | < 0.001 | 15.53 ± 19.04 | 14.71 ± 15.1 | 15.24 ± 13.76 | 0.820 |
One-year mRS score | 1.5 (1,5.3) | 1 (1,4) | 5 (1,6) | 0.03*
| 1 (1,4) | 1 (1,4) | 2 (1,4) | 0.41 |
Hypertension, % | 40.0 | 63.4 | 78.6 | 0.01*
| 55.2 | 63.8 | 67.4 | 0.1 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 22.5 | 30.3 | 50.0 | 0.16 | 24.7 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 0.26 |
Heart rate, bpm | 82 (71.5,89.5) | 74 (65,84) | 77.5 (73.5, 97.3) | 0.002*
| 72 (62,82) | 74 (65,84) | 85.5 (75.8,98.2) | < 0.001*
|
Previous stroke, % | 41.7 | 37.5 | 38.5 | 0.88 | 35.7 | 38.0 | 35.0 | 0.81 |
Heart disease, % | 37.5 | 32.7 | 21.4 | 0.54 | 44.8 | 30.7 | 34.8 | 0.02*
|
Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 13.9 (11.7, 14.7) | 13.8 (12.5, 15) | 12.6 (10.6, 14.5) | 0.19 | 13.2 (11.8,14.5) | 13.8 (12.6,15.1) | 14.1 (13.1,15.8) | < 0.001*
|
BUN/Cr ≥ 15, n (%) | 18 (51.4) | 401 (44.1) | 2 (16.7) | 0.11 | 66 (51.6) | 343 (43.4) | 12 (31.6) | 0.07 |
Infection, n (%) | 13 (32.5) | 197 (17.6) | 4 (28.6) | 0.03*
| 32 (20.8) | 171 (17.6) | 11 (23.9) | 0.38 |
Analyses of HS patients
Systolic BP (mmHg) | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 110 | 111 ~ 210 | ≥ 211 |
p
| ≤ 70 | 71 ~ 110 | ≥ 111 |
p
| |
n = 12 |
n = 254 |
n = 16 |
n = 47 |
n = 208 |
n = 27 | |||
Age, year | 64.5 (51.5,70.8) | 63 (52,75) | 54.5 (48.3,64.5) | 0.19 | 74 (58,80) | 62 (52,73) | 52 (45,62) | < 0.001*
|
Gender (F/M) | 5/7 | 101/153 | 5/11 | 0.79 | 24/23 | 80/128 | 7/20 | 0.09 |
Initial NIHSS score | 19 (8,40) | 9.5 (4,19) | 24 (14,31) | 0.01*
| 16 (8,40) | 9 (3.3,16) | 16 (10.3,30.8) | < 0.001*
|
Admission cost, USD | 2755.6 (2169, 7995.5) | 1845.9 (1110.8, 3986.0) | 1768.6 (1137.1, 6211.4) | 0.29 | 2629.1 (1596.6, 6628.8) | 1668.6 (983, 3649) | 1981.2 (1488.4, 4241.6) | 0.002*
|
Length of stay, day | 13.92 ± 9.55 | 18.98 ± 17.97 | 16.19 ± 21.28 | 0.543 | 19.68 ± 16.66 | 18.17 ± 18.23 | 20.07 ± 17.69 | 0.790 |
One-year mRS score | 6 (3,6) | 3 (1,5) | 6 (5,6) | 0.002*
| 5 (4,6) | 3 (1,5) | 5 (2,6) | < 0.001*
|
Hypertension, % | 41.7 | 60.6 | 31.3 | 0.03*
| 48.9 | 61.1 | 51.9 | 0.25 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 33.3 | 20.5 | 25.0 | 0.53 | 34.0 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 0.54 |
Heart rate, bpm | 83 (77.5,92) | 76 (66,86) | 88.5 (77.3, 96.3) | 0.01*
| 77 (65.5,87.5) | 76 (67,87) | 83 (73,93.5) | 0.23 |
Previous stroke, % | 30.0 | 32.9 | 37.5 | 0.94 | 41.0 | 31.3 | 31.8 | 0.5 |
Heart disease, % | 25.0 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 0.76 | 21.3 | 17.3 | 11.1 | 0.54 |
Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 11.8 (10.7,13.6) | 13.9 (12,15) | 14.0 (12.6,15.6) | 0.05*
| 12.7 (11.0,14.0) | `13.9 (12.2,15) | 15.2 (13.4,16.2) | < 0.001*
|
BUN/Cr ≥ 15, n (%) | 6 (54.6) | 111 (51.9) | 3 (25.0) | 0.19 | 25 (58.1) | 85 (49.7) | 10 (43.5) | 0.47 |
Infection, n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 77 (30.3) | 6 (37.5) | 0.62 | 19 (40.4) | 61 (29.3) | 8 (29.6) | 0.33 |
IS | HS | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Admission cost, USD | Factors | Linear regression coefficient | 95 % CI |
P value | Factors | Linear regression coefficient | 95 % CI |
P value |
Initial NIHSS score | 112.4 | 79.5 to 145.2 | <0.001 | Initial NIHSS score | 39.26 | 0.02 to 78.50 | 0.051 | |
Heart rate, bpm | 35.1 | 20.8 to 49.5 | <0.001 | Infection | 1920.00 | 892.84 to 2947.16 | <0.001 | |
Hemoglobin, mg/dl | −116.4 | −220.3 to −12.4 | 0.028 | |||||
Infection | 1502.3 | 967.2 to 2037.3 | <0.001 | |||||
Low SBP (≤110 mmHg) | 1197.2 | 55.8 to 2338.6 | 0.040 | |||||
High SBP (≥ 211 mmHg) | 1763.8 | −8.4 to 2526.0 | 0.051 |