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31.10.2024 | Innere Medizin | Übersicht

One health: der Einfluss von Umwelt, Detergenzien und Hygiene auf Barriere, Mikrobiom und Allergie

verfasst von: Hanna Mayerhofer, Isabella Pali-Schöll

Erschienen in: Allergo Journal | Ausgabe 7/2024

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Vielzahl von Körperoberflächen, wie Haut, Schleimhäute, Atemwege von Naso-Pharyngeal-Bereich bis Lunge, Gebärmutter, Vaginalbereich und Verdauungstrakt beinhaltet komplexe mikrobielle Ökosysteme, die an die Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Nische angepasst sind [1].
Die sogenannte Dysbiose - Veränderungen in der Komposition des Mikrobioms - ist verbunden mit der Pathogenese einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen [2]. Sowohl gastrointestinale als auch kardiovaskuläre, metabolische, neurodegenerative, psychische, onkologische bis hin zu allergischen Erkrankungen wurden mit mikrobieller Dysbiose in Verbindung gebracht. Zusätzlich zur erhöhten Allergiebereitschaft durch genetische Prädisposition tragen bei den heutigen Lebensumständen vielfach und vermehrt extrinsische Faktoren zur Mikrobiomveränderung, aber auch zur Disruption der Haut- und Schleimhautbarriere und damit zur Allergieentwicklung bei [3].
Durch diesen Review führt uns Gisela, eine fiktive Landwirtin. Sie steht stellvertretend für erwachsene Menschen und Kinder jeglichen Geschlechts in industrialisierten Ländern. Während ihres Tagesablaufs wird das Haut- und Schleimhautmikrobiom von einer Vielzahl an exogenen Faktoren beeinflusst. Darunter finden sich alltägliche Produkte zur Körperhygiene, Reinigungsmittel für Wäsche und Geschirr, Nahrung, Medikamente, Tiere sowie Aufenthalt in unterschiedlichen Außenbereichen. Giselas Alltagsroutine wird verdeutlichen, wie das menschliche Mikrobiom und die Hautbarriere positiv, aber auch auf negative Art modifiziert werden und wie dabei die Allergieentstehung beeinflusst werden könnte. Zudem werden potenzielle Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung beziehungsweise zum Management einer Dysbiose im Sinne von Beispielen für alternative Produkte und Verhaltensweisen besprochen.
Zitierweise: Mayerhofer H, Pali-Schöll I. One health: the impact of environment, detergents and hygiene on barrier, microbiome and allergy. Allergo J Int 2024;33:252-62
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Metadaten
Titel
One health: der Einfluss von Umwelt, Detergenzien und Hygiene auf Barriere, Mikrobiom und Allergie
verfasst von
Hanna Mayerhofer
Isabella Pali-Schöll
Publikationsdatum
31.10.2024
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Allergo Journal / Ausgabe 7/2024
Print ISSN: 0941-8849
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-6405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-024-6361-7

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