Introduction
Methods
Statistical methods
Results
Anthropometric measures, comorbidities, and sleep apnea activity in relation to region and clinical phenotypes
Characteristic | Total | Region | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North | East | South | West | Central | |||
Female gender (%) | 29.9 | 35.6 | 26.2 | 28.5 | 30.3 | 26.9 | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 52.2 ± 12.6 | 51.3 ± 13.2 | 53.6 ± 11.8 | 53.1 ± 12.5 | 48.4 ± 12.0 | 52.9 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 29.8 ± 6.0 | 32.0 ± 6.2 | 32.4 ± 6.9 | 34.2 ± 7.8 | 29.9 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 24.2 | 21.7 | 23.3 | 26.9 | 26.7 | 24.3 | < 0.001 |
AHI/h | 27.0 ± 25.5 | 15.6 ± 19.2 | 31.1. ± 26.2 | 36.0 ± 27.3 | 23.4 ± 24.6 | 31.2 ± 24.7 | < 0.001 |
ESS | 9.8 ± 5.3 | 9.8 ± 5.0 | 9.3 ± 5.5 | 9.9 ± 5.3 | 11.2 ± 5.6 | 9.6 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
ODI/h | 23.5 ± 25.3 | 14.7 ± 18.6 | 29.0 ± 26.6 | 32.2 ± 28.3 | 19.7 ± 24.4 | 20.2 ± 22.9 | < 0.001 |
Mean SaO2 (%) | 93.1 ± 3.4 | 93.8 ± 2.4 | 92.2 ± 4.3 | 92.6 ± 4.2 | 93.7 ± 2.1 | 93.4 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
Min SaO2 (%) | 80.6 ± 10.0 | 83.3 ± 7.6 | 78.1 ± 11.3 | 78.8 ± 11.3 | 81.6 ± 8.9 | 80.5 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 |
CVD (%) | 48.5 | 41.6 | 59.4 | 51.0 | 34.6 | 51.2 | < 0.001 |
Metabolic (%) | 34.6 | 26.5 | 31.6 | 42.9 | 24.6 | 46.7 | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary (%) | 23.4 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 13.8 | 42.9 | 28.8 | < 0.001 |
Psychiatric (%) | 11.4 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 14.2 | 10.9 | 0.001 |
Characteristic | Total | Region | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North | East | South | West | Central | |||
EDS (%) | 18.7 | 17.8 | 19.1 | 16.1 | 25.4 | 19.4 | < 0.001 |
EDS-insomnia (%) | 25.0 | 25.2 | 20.3 | 28.3 | 29.9 | 23.2 | < 0.001 |
Non-EDS non-insomnia (%) | 22.7 | 20.6 | 24.5 | 20.2 | 21.7 | 28.2 | < 0.001 |
Insomnia (%) | 33.6 | 36.5 | 36.0 | 35.5 | 23.0 | 29.2 | < 0.001 |
Combined insomnia and EDS-insomnia (%) | 58.6 | 61.7 | 56.3 | 63.8 | 52.9 | 52.4 | < 0.001 |
Characteristic | Clinical phenotype | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | EDS | EDS-ins | Non-EDS non-insomnia | Insomnia | ||
Female gender (%) | 29.9 | 26.0 | 32.6 | 21.3 | 36.0 | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 52.2 ± 12.6 | 50.4 ± 12.5 | 51.6 ± 12.1 | 52.0 ± 12.8 | 53.8 ± 12.7 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 31.8 ± 6.6 | 32.4 ± 7.0 | 30.7 ± 6.1 | 30.8 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 24.2 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 22.0 | 24.1 | < 0.001 |
ESS | 9.8 ± 5.3 | 14.8 ± 3.2 | 14.8 ± 3.1 | 6.1 ± 2.7 | 5.8 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
AHI/h | 27.0 ± 25.5 | 31.2 ± 27.8 | 30.1 ± 27.6 | 26.4 ± 24.3 | 22.9 ± 22.7 | < 0.001 |
ODI/h | 23.5 ± 25.3 | 27.7 ± 28.0 | 27.3 ± 27.6 | 21.6 ± 23.8 | 19.5 ± 22.0 | < 0.001 |
Mean SaO2 (%) | 93.1 ± 3.4 | 92.7 ± 4.0 | 92.8 ± 3.6 | 93.4 ± 3.1 | 93.4 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Min SaO2 (%) | 80.6 ± 10.0 | 78.9 ± 11.3 | 79.7 ± 10.4 | 81.2 ± 9.4 | 81.8 ± 8.9 | < 0.001 |
CVD (%) | 48.5 | 43.9 | 48.5 | 47.7 | 51.7 | < 0.001 |
Metabolic (%) | 34.6 | 33.6 | 36.6 | 34.2 | 34.0 | 0.015 |
Pulmonary (%) | 23.4 | 22.7 | 26.8 | 18.9 | 24.3 | < 0.001 |
Psychiatric (%) | 11.4 | 4.8 | 17.2 | 3.4 | 16.5 | < 0.001 |
Phenotype | Female, n (%) | Male, n (%) | Total, n (%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
EDS | 844 (16.2) | 2402 (19.7) | 3246 (18.7) | < 0.001 |
EDS-insomnia | 1414 (27.2) | 2927 (24.1) | 4341 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
Non-EDS non-ins | 837 (16.1) | 3100 (25.5) | 3937 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
Insomnia | 2102 (40.4) | 3739 (30.7) | 5841 (33.6) | < 0.001 |
Predictors of cardiovascular disease in different phenotypes
Phenotype | EDS | EDS-insomnia | Non-EDS non-insomnia | Insomnia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted for | HR | 95% CI (P value) | HR | 95% CI (P value) | HR | 95% CI (P value) | HR | 95% CI (P value) |
Mean SaO2 | 1.014 | 0.983–1.045 (0.390) | 1.015 | 0.984–1.047 (0.348) | 0.987 | 0.950–1.024 (0.481) | 1.001 | 0.970–1.033 (0.966) |
Nadir SaO2 | 0.999 | 0.987–1.011 (0.840) |
0.984
|
0.974–0.995 (0.005)
| 0.994 | 0.982–1.007 (0.378) |
0.988
|
0.978–0.999 (0.035)
|
ODI | 1.001 | 0.997–1.006 (0.547) | 1.001 | 0.997–1.005 (0.485) | 1.001 | 0.996–1.006 (0.698) | 1.000 | 0.996–1.004 (0.924) |
Age |
1.083
|
1.074–1.092 (< 0.001)
|
1.080
|
1.072–1.088 (< 0.001)
|
1.087
|
1.079–1.095 (< 0.001)
|
1.088
|
1.081–1.095 (< 0.001)
|
Male gender |
1.323
|
1.089–1.608 (0.005)
|
1.309
|
1.115–1.536 (0.001)
| 1.201 | 0.995–1.450 (0.056) |
1.402
|
1.221–1.610 (< 0.001)
|
BMI |
1.084
|
1.066–1.102 (< 0.001)
|
1.074
|
1.060–1.088 (< 0.001)
|
1.088
|
1.071–1.105 (< 0.001)
|
1.096
|
1.082–1.109 (< 0.001)
|
Smoking |
1.279
|
1.046–1.563 (0.016)
| 1.005 | 0.848–1.192 (0.952) | 1.078 | 0.892–1.304 (0.435) | 1.158 | 0.994–1.349 (0.060) |
West | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
North |
1.543
|
1.155–2.073 (0.003)
|
1.381
|
1.075–1.774 (0.011)
|
1.733
|
1.283–2.342 (< 0.001)
|
1.862
|
1.417–12.448 (< 0.001)
|
East |
2.675
|
1.982–3.611 (< 0.001)
|
2.247
|
1.698–2.972 (< 0.001)
|
3.052
|
2.241–4.156 (< 0.001)
|
2.936
|
2.195–3.927 (< 0.001)
|
South |
1.811
|
1.341–2.447 (< 0.001)
|
1.555
|
1.205–2.006 (0.001)
|
1.452
|
1.065–1.981 (< 0.018)
|
2.120
|
1.601–2.808 (< 0.001)
|
Central |
1.972
|
1.341–2.447 (< 0.001)
|
1.963
|
1.466–2.629 (< 0.001)
|
1.782
|
1.2941.981 (< 0.001)
|
2.571
|
1.884–3.508 (< 0.001)
|