Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Nutrition Reports 4/2018

27.09.2018 | Maternal and Childhood Nutrition (AC Wood, Section Editor)

Intergenerational Effects of Health Issues Among Women of Childbearing Age: a Review of the Recent Literature

verfasst von: Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im, Theresa A. Nicklas, Tom Baranowski

Erschienen in: Current Nutrition Reports | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes the latest scientific evidence, primarily from systematic reviews/meta-analyses and large cohort studies, on the impact of health issues among women of childbearing age and their effect on their offspring during pregnancy and from birth to adulthood.

Recent Findings

Women of childbearing age with overweight/obesity, diabetes, and hypertension prior to pregnancy are at increased risk for adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. These adverse outcomes could complicate delivery and put their offspring at risk of developing overweight/obesity, diabetes, and hypertension (i.e., intergenerational transmission of health issues).

Summary

Interventions should target women of childbearing age, especially those who wish to conceive, in order to possibly stop the transmission of women’s health issues to the offspring and favor a healthy pregnancy from the start. This could be one of the best strategies to promote both maternal and child health.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Claas SA, Arnett DK. The Role of Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016;18:56.PubMedCrossRef Claas SA, Arnett DK. The Role of Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016;18:56.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzke VA, Kaaks R, Kuhn T. Lifestyle and cancer risk. Cancer J (Sudbury, Mass). 2015;21:104–10.CrossRef Katzke VA, Kaaks R, Kuhn T. Lifestyle and cancer risk. Cancer J (Sudbury, Mass). 2015;21:104–10.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization. Healthy Diet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. p. 1–6. World Health Organization. Healthy Diet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. p. 1–6.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Yuzbashian E, Azizi F. A systematic review of diet quality indices in relation to obesity. Br J Nutr. 2017;117:1055–65.PubMedCrossRef Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Yuzbashian E, Azizi F. A systematic review of diet quality indices in relation to obesity. Br J Nutr. 2017;117:1055–65.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Imamura F, O'Connor L, Ye Z, et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:496–504.PubMedCrossRef Imamura F, O'Connor L, Ye Z, et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:496–504.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Garfinkle MA. Salt and essential hypertension: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. J Am Soc Hypertens : JASH. 2017;11:385–91.PubMedCrossRef Garfinkle MA. Salt and essential hypertension: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. J Am Soc Hypertens : JASH. 2017;11:385–91.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Aune D, Norat T, Leitzmann M, Tonstad S, Vatten LJ. Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015;30:529–42.PubMedCrossRef Aune D, Norat T, Leitzmann M, Tonstad S, Vatten LJ. Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015;30:529–42.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Huai P, Han H, Reilly KH, Guo X, Zhang J, Xu A. Leisure-time physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Endocrine. 2016;52:226–30.PubMedCrossRef Huai P, Han H, Reilly KH, Guo X, Zhang J, Xu A. Leisure-time physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Endocrine. 2016;52:226–30.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith AD, Crippa A, Woodcock J, Brage S. Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2016;59:2527–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Smith AD, Crippa A, Woodcock J, Brage S. Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2016;59:2527–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, et al. Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2017;69:813–20.CrossRef Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, et al. Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2017;69:813–20.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Appendix: Indicator Measurement Definitions. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Appendix: Indicator Measurement Definitions. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Fleming TP, Watkins AJ, Velazquez MA, et al. Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article reviews the recent literature on periconceptional induction of disease risk, including maternal obesity, and calls for interventions before conception to promote the health of the offspring. •• Fleming TP, Watkins AJ, Velazquez MA, et al. Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article reviews the recent literature on periconceptional induction of disease risk, including maternal obesity, and calls for interventions before conception to promote the health of the offspring.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Moussa HN, Alrais MA, Leon MG, Abbas EL, Sibai BM. Obesity epidemic: impact from preconception to postpartum. Futur Sci OA. 2016;2:Fso137.CrossRef Moussa HN, Alrais MA, Leon MG, Abbas EL, Sibai BM. Obesity epidemic: impact from preconception to postpartum. Futur Sci OA. 2016;2:Fso137.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Parnell AS, Correa A, Reece EA. Pre-pregnancy Obesity as a Modifier of Gestational Diabetes and Birth Defects Associations: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:1105–20.PubMedCrossRef Parnell AS, Correa A, Reece EA. Pre-pregnancy Obesity as a Modifier of Gestational Diabetes and Birth Defects Associations: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:1105–20.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu Z, Han S, Zhu J, Sun X, Ji C, Guo X. Pre-pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61627.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yu Z, Han S, Zhu J, Sun X, Ji C, Guo X. Pre-pregnancy body mass index in relation to infant birth weight and offspring overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61627.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat • Broskey NT, Wang P, Li N, et al. Early Pregnancy Weight Gain Exerts the Strongest Effect on Birth Weight, Posing a Critical Time to Prevent Childhood Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2017;25:1569–76 This article reports that among 16,218 mother-child dyads in China, the pattern of gestational weight gain before 24 weeks, regardless of the gestational weight gain later in pregnancy, had the most impact on the child’s weight at birth. CrossRef • Broskey NT, Wang P, Li N, et al. Early Pregnancy Weight Gain Exerts the Strongest Effect on Birth Weight, Posing a Critical Time to Prevent Childhood Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2017;25:1569–76 This article reports that among 16,218 mother-child dyads in China, the pattern of gestational weight gain before 24 weeks, regardless of the gestational weight gain later in pregnancy, had the most impact on the child’s weight at birth. CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Barker M, Dombrowski SU, Colbourn T, et al. Intervention strategies to improve nutrition and health behaviours before conception. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article highlights the importance of interventions improving the nutritional status of women prior to pregnancy to promote the health of their offspring. •• Barker M, Dombrowski SU, Colbourn T, et al. Intervention strategies to improve nutrition and health behaviours before conception. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article highlights the importance of interventions improving the nutritional status of women prior to pregnancy to promote the health of their offspring.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Floyd RL, Johnson KA, Owens JR, Verbiest S, Moore CA, Boyle C. A national action plan for promoting preconception health and health care in the United States (2012-2014). J Womens Health (2002). 2013;22:797–802.CrossRef Floyd RL, Johnson KA, Owens JR, Verbiest S, Moore CA, Boyle C. A national action plan for promoting preconception health and health care in the United States (2012-2014). J Womens Health (2002). 2013;22:797–802.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kominiarek MA, Chauhan SP. Obesity Before, During, and After Pregnancy: A Review and Comparison of Five National Guidelines. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:433–41.PubMed Kominiarek MA, Chauhan SP. Obesity Before, During, and After Pregnancy: A Review and Comparison of Five National Guidelines. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:433–41.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin JC, Zhou SJ, Flynn AC, Malek L, Greco R, Moran L. The Assessment of Diet Quality and Its Effects on Health Outcomes Pre-pregnancy and during Pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med. 2016;34:83–92.PubMedCrossRef Martin JC, Zhou SJ, Flynn AC, Malek L, Greco R, Moran L. The Assessment of Diet Quality and Its Effects on Health Outcomes Pre-pregnancy and during Pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med. 2016;34:83–92.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Oostvogels A, Busschers WB, Spierings EJM, Roseboom TJ, Gademan MGJ, Vrijkotte TGM. Pre-pregnancy weight status, early pregnancy lipid profile and blood pressure course during pregnancy: The ABCD study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0177554.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Oostvogels A, Busschers WB, Spierings EJM, Roseboom TJ, Gademan MGJ, Vrijkotte TGM. Pre-pregnancy weight status, early pregnancy lipid profile and blood pressure course during pregnancy: The ABCD study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0177554.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Papachatzi E, Dimitriou G, Dimitropoulos K, Vantarakis A. Pre-pregnancy obesity: maternal, neonatal and childhood outcomes. J Neonatal-Perinatal Med. 2013;6:203–16.PubMedCrossRef Papachatzi E, Dimitriou G, Dimitropoulos K, Vantarakis A. Pre-pregnancy obesity: maternal, neonatal and childhood outcomes. J Neonatal-Perinatal Med. 2013;6:203–16.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez CE, Barry C, Sabhlok A, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2017. Sanchez CE, Barry C, Sabhlok A, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2017.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Shawe J, Delbaere I, Ekstrand M, et al. Preconception care policy, guidelines, recommendations and services across six European countries: Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care : Off J Eur Soc Contracept. 2015;20:77–87.CrossRef Shawe J, Delbaere I, Ekstrand M, et al. Preconception care policy, guidelines, recommendations and services across six European countries: Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care : Off J Eur Soc Contracept. 2015;20:77–87.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Stang J, Huffman LG. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Obesity, Reproduction, and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116:677–91.PubMedCrossRef Stang J, Huffman LG. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Obesity, Reproduction, and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116:677–91.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Stephenson J, Heslehurst N, Hall J, et al. Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article highlights the importance of diet and risks associated with obesity during the preconception period to improve maternal and child health. •• Stephenson J, Heslehurst N, Hall J, et al. Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health. Lancet (London, England). 2018. This article highlights the importance of diet and risks associated with obesity during the preconception period to improve maternal and child health.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Atrash HK, Johnson K, Adams M, Cordero JF, Howse J. Preconception care for improving perinatal outcomes: the time to act. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10:S3–11.PubMedCrossRef Atrash HK, Johnson K, Adams M, Cordero JF, Howse J. Preconception care for improving perinatal outcomes: the time to act. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10:S3–11.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Abell SK, Nankervis A, Khan KS, Teede HJ. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Preconception and in Pregnancy: Health Impacts, Influence of Obesity and Lifestyle, and Principles of Management. Semin Reprod Med. 2016;34:110–20.PubMedCrossRef Abell SK, Nankervis A, Khan KS, Teede HJ. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Preconception and in Pregnancy: Health Impacts, Influence of Obesity and Lifestyle, and Principles of Management. Semin Reprod Med. 2016;34:110–20.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Dhana K, Zong G, Yuan C, et al. Lifestyle of women before pregnancy and the risk of offspring obesity during childhood through early adulthood. Int J Obes (2005). 2018. This article reported that among 5,701 children in the United States, mothers who adhered to a healthy lifestyle before pregnancy (i.e., healthy body weight, high diet quality, at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no smoking and moderate alcohol consumption) had 75% lower risk of having children with obesity at ages 9-14 years. •• Dhana K, Zong G, Yuan C, et al. Lifestyle of women before pregnancy and the risk of offspring obesity during childhood through early adulthood. Int J Obes (2005). 2018. This article reported that among 5,701 children in the United States, mothers who adhered to a healthy lifestyle before pregnancy (i.e., healthy body weight, high diet quality, at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no smoking and moderate alcohol consumption) had 75% lower risk of having children with obesity at ages 9-14 years.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Vahratian A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age: results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Matern Child Health J. 2009;13:268–73.PubMedCrossRef Vahratian A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age: results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Matern Child Health J. 2009;13:268–73.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hales CM, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Freedman DS, Aoki Y, Ogden CL. Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographic Characteristics and Urbanization Level Among Adults in the United States, 2013-2016. JAMA. 2018;319:2419–29.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Hales CM, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Freedman DS, Aoki Y, Ogden CL. Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographic Characteristics and Urbanization Level Among Adults in the United States, 2013-2016. JAMA. 2018;319:2419–29.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang M, Chen X, Qi Y. Maternal pre-pregnancy risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: a cohort study in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;206:57–63.PubMedCrossRef Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang M, Chen X, Qi Y. Maternal pre-pregnancy risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: a cohort study in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;206:57–63.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Samura T, Steer J, Michelis LD, Carroll L, Holland E, Perkins R. Factors Associated With Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Review of Current Literature. Glob Adv Health Med. 2016;5:87–93.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Samura T, Steer J, Michelis LD, Carroll L, Holland E, Perkins R. Factors Associated With Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Review of Current Literature. Glob Adv Health Med. 2016;5:87–93.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Deputy NP, Sharma AJ, Kim SY, Hinkle SN. Prevalence and characteristics associated with gestational weight gain adequacy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:773–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Deputy NP, Sharma AJ, Kim SY, Hinkle SN. Prevalence and characteristics associated with gestational weight gain adequacy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:773–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Institute of Medicine and National Research Council Committee to Reexamine IOMPWG. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL, editors. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), National Academy of Sciences; 2009. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council Committee to Reexamine IOMPWG. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL, editors. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), National Academy of Sciences; 2009.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Adane AA, Tooth LR, Mishra GD. Pre-pregnancy weight change and incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: A finding from a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;124:72–80.PubMedCrossRef Adane AA, Tooth LR, Mishra GD. Pre-pregnancy weight change and incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: A finding from a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;124:72–80.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin D, Song WO. Prepregnancy body mass index is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small- and large-for-gestational-age infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:1679–86.PubMedCrossRef Shin D, Song WO. Prepregnancy body mass index is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small- and large-for-gestational-age infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:1679–86.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The Organizing Committee. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(Suppl 2):B161–7.PubMed Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The Organizing Committee. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(Suppl 2):B161–7.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Torloni MR, Betran AP, Horta BL, et al. Prepregnancy BMI and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2009;10:194–203.CrossRef Torloni MR, Betran AP, Horta BL, et al. Prepregnancy BMI and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2009;10:194–203.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Bardenheier BH, Imperatore G, Gilboa SM, et al. Trends in Gestational Diabetes Among Hospital Deliveries in 19 U.S. States, 2000-2010. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49:12–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bardenheier BH, Imperatore G, Gilboa SM, et al. Trends in Gestational Diabetes Among Hospital Deliveries in 19 U.S. States, 2000-2010. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49:12–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Correa A, Bardenheier B, Elixhauser A, Geiss LS, Gregg E. Trends in prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations, United States, 1993-2009. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:635–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Correa A, Bardenheier B, Elixhauser A, Geiss LS, Gregg E. Trends in prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations, United States, 1993-2009. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:635–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jovanovic L, Liang Y, Weng W, Hamilton M, Chen L, Wintfeld N. Trends in the incidence of diabetes, its clinical sequelae, and associated costs in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2015;31:707–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jovanovic L, Liang Y, Weng W, Hamilton M, Chen L, Wintfeld N. Trends in the incidence of diabetes, its clinical sequelae, and associated costs in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2015;31:707–16.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Lynch CP, Baker N, Korte JE, Mauldin JG, Mayorga ME, Hunt KJ. Increasing prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy in South Carolina. J Womens Health (2002). 2015;24:316–23.CrossRef Lynch CP, Baker N, Korte JE, Mauldin JG, Mayorga ME, Hunt KJ. Increasing prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy in South Carolina. J Womens Health (2002). 2015;24:316–23.CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat England L, Kotelchuck M, Wilson HG, et al. Estimating the Recurrence Rate of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Massachusetts 1998-2007: Methods and Findings. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:2303–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef England L, Kotelchuck M, Wilson HG, et al. Estimating the Recurrence Rate of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Massachusetts 1998-2007: Methods and Findings. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:2303–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1314–9.PubMedCrossRef Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1314–9.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz N, Nachum Z, Green MS. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence--effect of ethnicity and parity: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:310–7.PubMedCrossRef Schwartz N, Nachum Z, Green MS. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence--effect of ethnicity and parity: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:310–7.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat He XJ, Qin FY, Hu CL, Zhu M, Tian CQ, Li L. Is gestational diabetes mellitus an independent risk factor for macrosomia: a meta-analysis? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291:729–35.PubMedCrossRef He XJ, Qin FY, Hu CL, Zhu M, Tian CQ, Li L. Is gestational diabetes mellitus an independent risk factor for macrosomia: a meta-analysis? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291:729–35.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl 2):14–20.PubMedCrossRef Kc K, Shakya S, Zhang H. Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl 2):14–20.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Harreiter J, Dovjak G, Kautzky-Willer A. Gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk after pregnancy. Women's Health (Lond Engl). 2014;10:91–108.CrossRef Harreiter J, Dovjak G, Kautzky-Willer A. Gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk after pregnancy. Women's Health (Lond Engl). 2014;10:91–108.CrossRef
50.
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Nehring I, Chmitorz A, Reulen H, von Kries R and Ensenauer R. Gestational diabetes predicts the risk of childhood overweight and abdominal circumference independent of maternal obesity. Diabet Med : J Br Diabet Assoc 2013; 30: 1449-56.PubMedCrossRef Nehring I, Chmitorz A, Reulen H, von Kries R and Ensenauer R. Gestational diabetes predicts the risk of childhood overweight and abdominal circumference independent of maternal obesity. Diabet Med : J Br Diabet Assoc 2013; 30: 1449-56.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat • Kawasaki M, Arata N, Miyazaki C, et al. Obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance in offspring of diabetic mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0190676 The results of this systematic review/meta-analysis indicate that exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and especially type 1 diabetes during pregnancy is associated with obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance in the offspring. PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef • Kawasaki M, Arata N, Miyazaki C, et al. Obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance in offspring of diabetic mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0190676 The results of this systematic review/meta-analysis indicate that exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and especially type 1 diabetes during pregnancy is associated with obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance in the offspring. PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, et al. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: the role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:340–6.PubMedCrossRef Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, et al. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: the role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:340–6.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG. Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2016;353:i1753. Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG. Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2016;353:i1753.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Timpka S, Stuart JJ, Tanz LJ, Rimm EB, Franks PW, Rich-Edwards JW. Lifestyle in progression from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to chronic hypertension in Nurses' Health Study II: observational cohort study. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2017;358:j3024.CrossRef Timpka S, Stuart JJ, Tanz LJ, Rimm EB, Franks PW, Rich-Edwards JW. Lifestyle in progression from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to chronic hypertension in Nurses' Health Study II: observational cohort study. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2017;358:j3024.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton ALM, Harper LM, Tita ATN. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2018;45:333–47.CrossRef Sutton ALM, Harper LM, Tita ATN. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2018;45:333–47.CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2018;72:24–43.CrossRef Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2018;72:24–43.CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuklina EV, Ayala C, Callaghan WM. Hypertensive disorders and severe obstetric morbidity in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:1299–306.PubMedCrossRef Kuklina EV, Ayala C, Callaghan WM. Hypertensive disorders and severe obstetric morbidity in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:1299–306.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Mogos MF, Salemi JL, Spooner KK, McFarlin BL, Salihu HH. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum readmission in the United States: national surveillance of the revolving door. J Hypertens. 2018;36:608–18.PubMedCrossRef Mogos MF, Salemi JL, Spooner KK, McFarlin BL, Salihu HH. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum readmission in the United States: national surveillance of the revolving door. J Hypertens. 2018;36:608–18.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat van Oostwaard MF, Langenveld J, Schuit E, et al. Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(624):e1–17. van Oostwaard MF, Langenveld J, Schuit E, et al. Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(624):e1–17.
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Gestational hypertension is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adult offspring: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216:281.e1–7.CrossRef Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Gestational hypertension is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adult offspring: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216:281.e1–7.CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Lecarpentier E, Tsatsaris V, Goffinet F, Cabrol D, Sibai B, Haddad B. Risk factors of superimposed preeclampsia in women with essential chronic hypertension treated before pregnancy. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62140.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lecarpentier E, Tsatsaris V, Goffinet F, Cabrol D, Sibai B, Haddad B. Risk factors of superimposed preeclampsia in women with essential chronic hypertension treated before pregnancy. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62140.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Moussa HN, Leon MG, Marti A, et al. Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension with and without Severe Features. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:403–8.PubMed Moussa HN, Leon MG, Marti A, et al. Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension with and without Severe Features. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:403–8.PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Boyd HA, Basit S, Behrens I, et al. Association Between Fetal Congenital Heart Defects and Maternal Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the Same Pregnancy and Across Pregnancies. Circulation. 2017;136:39–48.PubMedCrossRef Boyd HA, Basit S, Behrens I, et al. Association Between Fetal Congenital Heart Defects and Maternal Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the Same Pregnancy and Across Pregnancies. Circulation. 2017;136:39–48.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramakrishnan A, Lee LJ, Mitchell LE, Agopian AJ. Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36:1442–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ramakrishnan A, Lee LJ, Mitchell LE, Agopian AJ. Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36:1442–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Tuovinen S, Eriksson JG, Kajantie E, Raikkonen K. Maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders and cognitive functioning of the offspring: a systematic review. J Am Soc Hypertens : JASH. 2014;8:832-47.e1.CrossRef Tuovinen S, Eriksson JG, Kajantie E, Raikkonen K. Maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders and cognitive functioning of the offspring: a systematic review. J Am Soc Hypertens : JASH. 2014;8:832-47.e1.CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu RT, Chang QX, Wang QQ, et al. Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of autism in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget. 2018;9:1291–301.PubMedCrossRef Xu RT, Chang QX, Wang QQ, et al. Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of autism in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget. 2018;9:1291–301.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Thoulass JC, Robertson L, Denadai L, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adult offspring cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;70:414–22.PubMedCrossRef Thoulass JC, Robertson L, Denadai L, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adult offspring cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;70:414–22.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Leddy MA, Power ML, Schulkin J. The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal health. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1:170–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Leddy MA, Power ML, Schulkin J. The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal health. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1:170–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2007;8:385–94.CrossRef Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2007;8:385–94.CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat de Jongh BE, Paul DA, Hoffman M, Locke R. Effects of pre-pregnancy obesity, race/ethnicity and prematurity. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18:511–7.PubMedCrossRef de Jongh BE, Paul DA, Hoffman M, Locke R. Effects of pre-pregnancy obesity, race/ethnicity and prematurity. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18:511–7.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharifzadeh F, Kashanian M, Jouhari S, Sheikhansari N. Relationship between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI with spontaneous preterm delivery and birth weight. J Obstet Gynaecol : J Inst Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35:354–7.CrossRef Sharifzadeh F, Kashanian M, Jouhari S, Sheikhansari N. Relationship between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI with spontaneous preterm delivery and birth weight. J Obstet Gynaecol : J Inst Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35:354–7.CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald SD, Han Z, Mulla S, Beyene J. Overweight and obesity in mothers and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2010;c3428:341. McDonald SD, Han Z, Mulla S, Beyene J. Overweight and obesity in mothers and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2010;c3428:341.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu Y, Chen Y, Feng Y, Yu D, Mo X. Association between maternal body mass index and congenital heart defects in infants: A meta-analysis. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13:271–81.PubMedCrossRef Zhu Y, Chen Y, Feng Y, Yu D, Mo X. Association between maternal body mass index and congenital heart defects in infants: A meta-analysis. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018;13:271–81.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Aune D, Saugstad OD, Henriksen T, Tonstad S. Maternal body mass index and the risk of fetal death, stillbirth, and infant death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2014;311:1536–46.PubMedCrossRef Aune D, Saugstad OD, Henriksen T, Tonstad S. Maternal body mass index and the risk of fetal death, stillbirth, and infant death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2014;311:1536–46.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai RX, He XJ, Hu CL. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of macrosomia: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;297:139–45.PubMedCrossRef Dai RX, He XJ, Hu CL. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of macrosomia: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;297:139–45.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Leng J, Li W, Zhang S, et al. GDM Women's Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain on Offspring Overweight Status. PLoS One. 2015;e0129536:10. Leng J, Li W, Zhang S, et al. GDM Women's Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain on Offspring Overweight Status. PLoS One. 2015;e0129536:10.
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Camacho-Buenrostro D, Perez-Molina JJ, Vasquez-Garibay EM, Panduro-Baron JG. The association between pre-pregnancy obesity and weight gain in pregnancy, with growth deviations in newborns. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32:124–9.PubMed Camacho-Buenrostro D, Perez-Molina JJ, Vasquez-Garibay EM, Panduro-Baron JG. The association between pre-pregnancy obesity and weight gain in pregnancy, with growth deviations in newborns. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32:124–9.PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat • Liu P, Xu L, Wang Y, et al. Association between perinatal outcomes and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2016; 17: 1091-1102. The results of this review indicate that the offspring of mothers who were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy had higher risks of being large for gestational age, having macrosomia, being admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and being stillborn. PubMedCrossRef • Liu P, Xu L, Wang Y, et al. Association between perinatal outcomes and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2016; 17: 1091-1102. The results of this review indicate that the offspring of mothers who were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy had higher risks of being large for gestational age, having macrosomia, being admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and being stillborn. PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Sewell MF, Huston-Presley L, Super DM, Catalano P. Increased neonatal fat mass, not lean body mass, is associated with maternal obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1100–3.PubMedCrossRef Sewell MF, Huston-Presley L, Super DM, Catalano P. Increased neonatal fat mass, not lean body mass, is associated with maternal obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1100–3.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawlor DA, Fraser A, Lindsay RS, et al. Association of existing diabetes, gestational diabetes and glycosuria in pregnancy with macrosomia and offspring body mass index, waist and fat mass in later childhood: findings from a prospective pregnancy cohort. Diabetologia. 2010;53:89–97.PubMedCrossRef Lawlor DA, Fraser A, Lindsay RS, et al. Association of existing diabetes, gestational diabetes and glycosuria in pregnancy with macrosomia and offspring body mass index, waist and fat mass in later childhood: findings from a prospective pregnancy cohort. Diabetologia. 2010;53:89–97.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat King JR, Korst LM, Miller DA, Ouzounian JG. Increased composite maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with ultrasonographically suspected fetal macrosomia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:1953–9.PubMedCrossRef King JR, Korst LM, Miller DA, Ouzounian JG. Increased composite maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with ultrasonographically suspected fetal macrosomia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:1953–9.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. QuickStats: Percentage of large-for-gestational-Age births,by race or hispanic ethnicity --United States, 2005. MMWR. 2008;57:1258. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. QuickStats: Percentage of large-for-gestational-Age births,by race or hispanic ethnicity --United States, 2005. MMWR. 2008;57:1258.
84.
Zurück zum Zitat • Leonard SA, Rasmussen KM, King JC, Abrams B. Trajectories of maternal weight from before pregnancy through postpartum and associations with childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1295–301 This article reports that among 4,436 mother-child pairs, high pre-pregnancy body mass index increased the risk of obesity in the offspring at ages 6-11 years. PubMedPubMedCentral • Leonard SA, Rasmussen KM, King JC, Abrams B. Trajectories of maternal weight from before pregnancy through postpartum and associations with childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1295–301 This article reports that among 4,436 mother-child pairs, high pre-pregnancy body mass index increased the risk of obesity in the offspring at ages 6-11 years. PubMedPubMedCentral
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Patro B, Liber A, Zalewski B, Poston L, Szajewska H, Koletzko B. Maternal and paternal body mass index and offspring obesity: a systematic review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63:32–41.PubMedCrossRef Patro B, Liber A, Zalewski B, Poston L, Szajewska H, Koletzko B. Maternal and paternal body mass index and offspring obesity: a systematic review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63:32–41.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Oostvogels A, Hof MHP, Gademan MGJ, Roseboom TJ, Stronks K, Vrijkotte TGM. Does maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity influence offspring's growth patterns from birth up to 7 years? The ABCD-study. Early Hum Dev. 2017;113:62–70.PubMedCrossRef Oostvogels A, Hof MHP, Gademan MGJ, Roseboom TJ, Stronks K, Vrijkotte TGM. Does maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity influence offspring's growth patterns from birth up to 7 years? The ABCD-study. Early Hum Dev. 2017;113:62–70.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Oostvogels AJ, Stronks K, Roseboom TJ, van der Post JA, van Eijsden M and Vrijkotte TG. Maternal prepregnancy BMI, offspring's early postnatal growth, and metabolic profile at age 5-6 years: the ABCD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 3845-54.CrossRef Oostvogels AJ, Stronks K, Roseboom TJ, van der Post JA, van Eijsden M and Vrijkotte TG. Maternal prepregnancy BMI, offspring's early postnatal growth, and metabolic profile at age 5-6 years: the ABCD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 3845-54.CrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Magnus MC, Olsen SF, Granstrom C, et al. Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes. Int J Epidemiol. 2018. Magnus MC, Olsen SF, Granstrom C, et al. Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes. Int J Epidemiol. 2018.
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Adane AA, Mishra GD, Tooth LR. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood physical and cognitive development of children: a systematic review. Int J Obes (2005). 2016;40:1608–18.CrossRef Adane AA, Mishra GD, Tooth LR. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and childhood physical and cognitive development of children: a systematic review. Int J Obes (2005). 2016;40:1608–18.CrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Alvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Lucas-de la Cruz L, Notario-Pacheco B, Martinez-Vizcaino V. Association between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and children's neurocognitive development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:1653–66.PubMedCrossRef Alvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Lucas-de la Cruz L, Notario-Pacheco B, Martinez-Vizcaino V. Association between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and children's neurocognitive development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:1653–66.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Lieshout RJ, Taylor VH, Boyle MH. Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy obesity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: a systematic review. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2011;12:e548–59.CrossRef Van Lieshout RJ, Taylor VH, Boyle MH. Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy obesity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: a systematic review. Obes Rev : Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2011;12:e548–59.CrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Casas M, Forns J, Martinez D, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and neuropsychological development in pre-school children: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res. 2017;82:596–606.PubMedCrossRef Casas M, Forns J, Martinez D, et al. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and neuropsychological development in pre-school children: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res. 2017;82:596–606.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen CH, Thomsen PH, Nohr EA, Lemcke S. Maternal body mass index before pregnancy as a risk factor for ADHD and autism in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017. Andersen CH, Thomsen PH, Nohr EA, Lemcke S. Maternal body mass index before pregnancy as a risk factor for ADHD and autism in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017.
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Zalbahar N, Najman J, McIntrye HD, Mamun A. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI influences on offspring BMI and waist circumference at 21 years. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40:572–8.PubMedCrossRef Zalbahar N, Najman J, McIntrye HD, Mamun A. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI influences on offspring BMI and waist circumference at 21 years. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40:572–8.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Rath SR, Marsh JA, Newnham JP, et al. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI is a dominant early-life risk factor influencing BMI of offspring in adulthood. Obes Sci Pract. 2016;2:48–57.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rath SR, Marsh JA, Newnham JP, et al. Parental pre-pregnancy BMI is a dominant early-life risk factor influencing BMI of offspring in adulthood. Obes Sci Pract. 2016;2:48–57.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaparro MP, Koupil I, Byberg L. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in young adulthood: the modifying role of offspring sex and birth order. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:3084–9.PubMedCrossRef Chaparro MP, Koupil I, Byberg L. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in young adulthood: the modifying role of offspring sex and birth order. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:3084–9.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaseva N, Vaarasmaki M, Matinolli HM, et al. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes as predictors of body composition in offspring twenty years later-evidence from two birth cohort studies. Int J Obes (2005). 2017. Kaseva N, Vaarasmaki M, Matinolli HM, et al. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes as predictors of body composition in offspring twenty years later-evidence from two birth cohort studies. Int J Obes (2005). 2017.
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldenberg RL, McClure EM, Harrison MS, Miodovnik M. Diabetes during Pregnancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:1227–35.PubMedCrossRef Goldenberg RL, McClure EM, Harrison MS, Miodovnik M. Diabetes during Pregnancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:1227–35.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawakita T, Bowers K, Hazrati S, et al. Increased Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity Associated with Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Study. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:1160–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kawakita T, Bowers K, Hazrati S, et al. Increased Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity Associated with Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Study. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:1160–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Peng TY, Ehrlich SF, Crites Y, et al. Trends and racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Northern California: 1996-2014. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216:177.e1–8.CrossRef Peng TY, Ehrlich SF, Crites Y, et al. Trends and racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Northern California: 1996-2014. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216:177.e1–8.CrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Feig DS, Hwee J, Shah BR, Booth GL, Bierman AS, Lipscombe LL. Trends in incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and serious perinatal outcomes: a large, population-based study in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2010. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:1590–6.PubMedCrossRef Feig DS, Hwee J, Shah BR, Booth GL, Bierman AS, Lipscombe LL. Trends in incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and serious perinatal outcomes: a large, population-based study in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2010. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:1590–6.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat American Diabetes Association. 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:S137–s43.CrossRef American Diabetes Association. 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:S137–s43.CrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Feig DS, Berger H, Donovan L, et al. Diabetes and Pregnancy. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S255–s82.PubMedCrossRef Feig DS, Berger H, Donovan L, et al. Diabetes and Pregnancy. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S255–s82.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Simeone RM, Devine OJ, Marcinkevage JA, et al. Diabetes and congenital heart defects: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling project. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48:195–204.PubMedCrossRef Simeone RM, Devine OJ, Marcinkevage JA, et al. Diabetes and congenital heart defects: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling project. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48:195–204.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat McGrogan A, Snowball J, de Vries CS. Pregnancy losses in women with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes in the UK: an investigation using primary care records. Diabet Med : J Br Diabet Assoc 2014; 31: 357-65.PubMedCrossRef McGrogan A, Snowball J, de Vries CS. Pregnancy losses in women with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes in the UK: an investigation using primary care records. Diabet Med : J Br Diabet Assoc 2014; 31: 357-65.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Siegel AM, Tita A, Biggio JR, Harper LM. Evaluating gestational weight gain recommendations in pregestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(563):e1–5. Siegel AM, Tita A, Biggio JR, Harper LM. Evaluating gestational weight gain recommendations in pregestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(563):e1–5.
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Abell SK, Boyle JA, de Courten B, et al. Contemporary type 1 diabetes pregnancy outcomes: impact of obesity and glycaemic control. Med J Aust. 2016;205:162–7.PubMedCrossRef Abell SK, Boyle JA, de Courten B, et al. Contemporary type 1 diabetes pregnancy outcomes: impact of obesity and glycaemic control. Med J Aust. 2016;205:162–7.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Abell SK, Boyle JA, de Courten B, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes, obesity and glycaemic control on pregnancy outcomes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;57:308–14.PubMedCrossRef Abell SK, Boyle JA, de Courten B, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes, obesity and glycaemic control on pregnancy outcomes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;57:308–14.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Cyganek K, Skupien J, Katra B, et al. Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control. Endocrine. 2017;55:447–55.PubMedCrossRef Cyganek K, Skupien J, Katra B, et al. Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control. Endocrine. 2017;55:447–55.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu S, Rouleau J, Leon JA, Sauve R, Joseph KS, Ray JG. Impact of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus on congenital anomalies, Canada, 2002-2012. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can Res Policy Prac. 2015;35:79–84.CrossRef Liu S, Rouleau J, Leon JA, Sauve R, Joseph KS, Ray JG. Impact of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus on congenital anomalies, Canada, 2002-2012. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can Res Policy Prac. 2015;35:79–84.CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Eriksen NB, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Ringholm L. The prevalence of congenital malformations is still higher in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes despite near-normal HbA1c: a literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–5. Eriksen NB, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Ringholm L. The prevalence of congenital malformations is still higher in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes despite near-normal HbA1c: a literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–5.
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Agha MM, Glazier RH, Moineddin R, Booth G. Congenital abnormalities in newborns of women with pregestational diabetes: A time-trend analysis, 1994 to 2009. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2016;106:831–9.PubMedCrossRef Agha MM, Glazier RH, Moineddin R, Booth G. Congenital abnormalities in newborns of women with pregestational diabetes: A time-trend analysis, 1994 to 2009. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2016;106:831–9.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Leirgul E, Brodwall K, Greve G, et al. Maternal Diabetes, Birth Weight, and Neonatal Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Norway, 1994-2009. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:1116–25.PubMedCrossRef Leirgul E, Brodwall K, Greve G, et al. Maternal Diabetes, Birth Weight, and Neonatal Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Norway, 1994-2009. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:1116–25.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Oyen N, Diaz LJ, Leirgul E, et al. Prepregnancy Diabetes and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation. 2016;133:2243–53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Oyen N, Diaz LJ, Leirgul E, et al. Prepregnancy Diabetes and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation. 2016;133:2243–53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Hammoud NM, de Valk HW, van Rossem L, Biesma DH, Wit JM, Visser GH. Growth and BMI during the first 14 y of life in offspring from women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Res. 2017;81:342–8.PubMedCrossRef Hammoud NM, de Valk HW, van Rossem L, Biesma DH, Wit JM, Visser GH. Growth and BMI during the first 14 y of life in offspring from women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Res. 2017;81:342–8.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter WA, Cundy T, Rabone D, et al. Insulin sensitivity in the offspring of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1148–52.PubMedCrossRef Hunter WA, Cundy T, Rabone D, et al. Insulin sensitivity in the offspring of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1148–52.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Knorr S, Stochholm K, Vlachova Z, et al. Multisystem Morbidity and Mortality in Offspring of Women With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:821–6.PubMedCrossRef Knorr S, Stochholm K, Vlachova Z, et al. Multisystem Morbidity and Mortality in Offspring of Women With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:821–6.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Adane AA, Mishra GD, Tooth LR. Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2016;137. Adane AA, Mishra GD, Tooth LR. Diabetes in Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2016;137.
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Knorr S, Clausen TD, Vlachova Z, et al. Academic Achievement in Primary School in Offspring Born to Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1238–44.PubMedCrossRef Knorr S, Clausen TD, Vlachova Z, et al. Academic Achievement in Primary School in Offspring Born to Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1238–44.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Bytoft B, Knorr S, Vlachova Z, et al. Long-term Cognitive Implications of Intrauterine Hyperglycemia in Adolescent Offspring of Women With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study). Diabetes Care. 2016;39:1356–63.PubMedCrossRef Bytoft B, Knorr S, Vlachova Z, et al. Long-term Cognitive Implications of Intrauterine Hyperglycemia in Adolescent Offspring of Women With Type 1 Diabetes (the EPICOM Study). Diabetes Care. 2016;39:1356–63.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2003;(42):1206–52. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2003;(42):1206–52.
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Bateman BT, Shaw KM, Kuklina EV, Callaghan WM, Seely EW, Hernandez-Diaz S. Hypertension in women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES 1999-2008. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36171.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bateman BT, Shaw KM, Kuklina EV, Callaghan WM, Seely EW, Hernandez-Diaz S. Hypertension in women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES 1999-2008. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36171.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
123.
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Black MH, Zhou H, Sacks DA, et al. Prehypertension prior to or during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1860–7 discussion 7.PubMedCrossRef Black MH, Zhou H, Sacks DA, et al. Prehypertension prior to or during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1860–7 discussion 7.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosner JY, Gutierrez M, Dziadosz M, et al. Prehypertension in early versus late pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–5. Rosner JY, Gutierrez M, Dziadosz M, et al. Prehypertension in early versus late pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–5.
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosner JY, Gutierrez M, Dziadosz M, et al. Prehypertension in Early Pregnancy: What is the Significance? Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:117–22.PubMed Rosner JY, Gutierrez M, Dziadosz M, et al. Prehypertension in Early Pregnancy: What is the Significance? Am J Perinatol. 2017;34:117–22.PubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Hedderson MM, Darbinian JA, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Pregravid cardiometabolic risk profile and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(55):e1–7. Hedderson MM, Darbinian JA, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Pregravid cardiometabolic risk profile and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(55):e1–7.
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC. Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2014;g2301:348. Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC. Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2014;g2301:348.
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan JL, Nelson DB, Roberts SW, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Cunningham FG. Blood Pressure Profiles Across Pregnancy in Women with Chronic Hypertension. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:1128–32.PubMedCrossRef Morgan JL, Nelson DB, Roberts SW, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Cunningham FG. Blood Pressure Profiles Across Pregnancy in Women with Chronic Hypertension. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:1128–32.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Nzelu D, Dumitrascu-Biris D, Nicolaides KH, Kametas NA. Chronic hypertension: first-trimester blood pressure control and likelihood of severe hypertension, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:337.e1–7.CrossRef Nzelu D, Dumitrascu-Biris D, Nicolaides KH, Kametas NA. Chronic hypertension: first-trimester blood pressure control and likelihood of severe hypertension, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:337.e1–7.CrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Panaitescu AM, Roberge S, Nicolaides KH. Chronic hypertension: effect of blood pressure control on pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–7. Panaitescu AM, Roberge S, Nicolaides KH. Chronic hypertension: effect of blood pressure control on pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–7.
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Panaitescu AM, Syngelaki A, Prodan N, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Chronic hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol : Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50:228–35.CrossRef Panaitescu AM, Syngelaki A, Prodan N, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Chronic hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcome: a cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol : Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50:228–35.CrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Banhidy F, Szilasi M, Czeizel AE. Association of pre-eclampsia with or without superimposed chronic hypertension in pregnant women with the risk of congenital abnormalities in their offspring: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;163:17–21.PubMedCrossRef Banhidy F, Szilasi M, Czeizel AE. Association of pre-eclampsia with or without superimposed chronic hypertension in pregnant women with the risk of congenital abnormalities in their offspring: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;163:17–21.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Wikstrom AK, Gunnarsdottir J, Nelander M, Simic M, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S. Prehypertension in Pregnancy and Risks of Small for Gestational Age Infant and Stillbirth. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2016;(67):640–6. Wikstrom AK, Gunnarsdottir J, Nelander M, Simic M, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S. Prehypertension in Pregnancy and Risks of Small for Gestational Age Infant and Stillbirth. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). 2016;(67):640–6.
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Premkumar A, Henry DE, Moghadassi M, Nakagawa S, Norton ME. The interaction between maternal race/ethnicity and chronic hypertension on preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215:787.e1–8.CrossRef Premkumar A, Henry DE, Moghadassi M, Nakagawa S, Norton ME. The interaction between maternal race/ethnicity and chronic hypertension on preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215:787.e1–8.CrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Su CY, Lin HC, Cheng HC, Yen AM, Chen YH, Kao S. Pregnancy outcomes of anti-hypertensives for women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e53844.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Su CY, Lin HC, Cheng HC, Yen AM, Chen YH, Kao S. Pregnancy outcomes of anti-hypertensives for women with chronic hypertension: a population-based study. PLoS One. 2013;8:e53844.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Ankumah NA, Cantu J, Jauk V, et al. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with mild chronic hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:966–72.PubMedCrossRef Ankumah NA, Cantu J, Jauk V, et al. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with mild chronic hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:966–72.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Panaitescu AM, Baschat AA, Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH. Association of chronic hypertension with birth of small-for-gestational-age neonate. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol : Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50:361–6.CrossRef Panaitescu AM, Baschat AA, Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, Nicolaides KH. Association of chronic hypertension with birth of small-for-gestational-age neonate. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol : Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50:361–6.CrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Broekhuijsen K, Ravelli AC, Langenveld J, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension: a retrospective analysis of a national register. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94:1337–45.PubMedCrossRef Broekhuijsen K, Ravelli AC, Langenveld J, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension: a retrospective analysis of a national register. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94:1337–45.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Yee LM, Caughey AB, Cheng YW. Association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217:348.e1–9.CrossRef Yee LM, Caughey AB, Cheng YW. Association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217:348.e1–9.CrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Banhidy F, Acs N, Puho EH, Czeizel AE. Chronic hypertension with related drug treatment of pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring: a population-based study. Hypertens Res : Off J Jpn Soc Hypertens. 2011;34:257–63.CrossRef Banhidy F, Acs N, Puho EH, Czeizel AE. Chronic hypertension with related drug treatment of pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring: a population-based study. Hypertens Res : Off J Jpn Soc Hypertens. 2011;34:257–63.CrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA, et al. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(337):e1–14. Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Fischer MA, et al. Chronic hypertension in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(337):e1–14.
143.
Zurück zum Zitat He D, Xi B, Xue J, Huai P, Zhang M, Li J. Association between leisure time physical activity and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Endocrine. 2014;46:231–40.PubMedCrossRef He D, Xi B, Xue J, Huai P, Zhang M, Li J. Association between leisure time physical activity and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Endocrine. 2014;46:231–40.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang D, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Metab Clin Exp. 2017;75:36–44.PubMedCrossRef Zhang D, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Metab Clin Exp. 2017;75:36–44.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Intergenerational Effects of Health Issues Among Women of Childbearing Age: a Review of the Recent Literature
verfasst von
Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
Theresa A. Nicklas
Tom Baranowski
Publikationsdatum
27.09.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Nutrition Reports / Ausgabe 4/2018
Elektronische ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-018-0246-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

Current Nutrition Reports 4/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Maternal and Childhood Nutrition (AC Wood, Section Editor)

Maternal Predictors of Child Dietary Behaviors and Weight Status

Neurological Disease and Cognitive Function (Y Gu, Section Editor)

Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk for Dementia and Cognitive Decline

Diabetes and Obesity (MC de Oliveira Otto, Section Editor)

Dietary Fat and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: a Review of Recent Research

Gastroenterology, Critical Care, and Lifestyle Medicine (SA McClave, Section Editor)

Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: Prevalence, Etiology, and Treatment

Gastroenterology, Critical Care, and Lifestyle Medicine (SA McClave, Section Editor)

Fad Diets: Hype or Hope?

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.