Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 2/2006

01.03.2006 | Schwerpunkt: Lungen- und Pleurapathologie — Übersicht

Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen

verfasst von: PD Dr. F. Brasch

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 2/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Interstitielle Pneumonien sind seltene Erkrankungen, die eine diagnostische Herausforderung darstellen. Erst durch die gemeinsamen Anstrengungen der ERS (European Respiratory Society) und ATS (American Thoracic Society) ist es gelungen, die in Europa und Nordamerika unterschiedliche Nomenklatur der interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen (Alveolitis vs. interstitielle Pneumonie) im Erwachsenenalter zu vereinheitlichen und die diagnostischen Kriterien klar und eindeutig zu definieren. Die ATS/ERS-Klassifikation aus dem Jahre 2002 umfasst 7 Entitäten: gewöhnliche („usual“) interstitielle Pneumonie (UIP), nichtspezifische interstitielle Pneumonie (NSIP), desquamative interstitielle Pneumonie (DIP), respiratorische Bronchiolitis mit assoziierter interstitieller („lung disease“) Lungenerkrankung (RB-ILD), kryptogen organisierende Pneumonie (COP), lymphozytäre interstitielle Pneumonie (LIP), akute interstitielle Pneumonie (AIP). Problematisch ist die Anwendung der ATS/ERS-Klassifikation bei interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen von Frühgeborenen, Säuglingen und Kindern, da eine UIP, RB-ILD und AIP in diesem Lebensabschnitt nicht vorkommen. Obwohl Säuglinge mit einer schweren respiratorischen Insuffizienz ein morphologisch der DIP oder NSIP ähnliches Bild aufweisen können, sollte diese Krankheitsentität aufgrund der Unterschiede in der Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Prognose als chronische Pneumonitis des Säuglings („chronic pneumonitis of infancy“/CPI) klassifiziert werden.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Amin RS, Wert SE, Baughman RP et al. (2001) Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr 139:85–92CrossRefPubMed Amin RS, Wert SE, Baughman RP et al. (2001) Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr 139:85–92CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat ATS/ERS. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (2002) International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:277–304PubMed ATS/ERS. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (2002) International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:277–304PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bethmann A, Brasch F, Uhlig S, Müller KM (1996) Barotrauma induced cytokin- and eicosanoid-release from the isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:A Bethmann A, Brasch F, Uhlig S, Müller KM (1996) Barotrauma induced cytokin- and eicosanoid-release from the isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:A
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bethmann A, Brasch F, Vogt KB et al. (1998) Hyperventilation induces release of cytokines from perfused mouse lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:263–272PubMed Bethmann A, Brasch F, Vogt KB et al. (1998) Hyperventilation induces release of cytokines from perfused mouse lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:263–272PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Brasch F, Müller KM (2004) Klassifikation der Alveolarproteinosen im Neugeborenen-, Säuglings- und Kindesalter. Pathologe 25: 299CrossRefPubMed Brasch F, Müller KM (2004) Klassifikation der Alveolarproteinosen im Neugeborenen-, Säuglings- und Kindesalter. Pathologe 25: 299CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Brasch F, Birzele J, Ochs M et al. (2004 a) Surfactant proteins in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in adults. Eur Respir J 24:426–435CrossRefPubMed Brasch F, Birzele J, Ochs M et al. (2004 a) Surfactant proteins in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in adults. Eur Respir J 24:426–435CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Brasch F, Griese M, Tredano M et al. (2004 b) Interstitial lung disease in a baby with a de novo mutation in the SFTPC gene. Eur Respir J 24:30–39CrossRefPubMed Brasch F, Griese M, Tredano M et al. (2004 b) Interstitial lung disease in a baby with a de novo mutation in the SFTPC gene. Eur Respir J 24:30–39CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Canakis AM, Cutz E, Manson D, O’Brodovich H (1965) Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: a new variant of neonatal interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1557–1565CrossRef Canakis AM, Cutz E, Manson D, O’Brodovich H (1965) Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: a new variant of neonatal interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1557–1565CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardoso WV, Itoh A, Nogawa H et al. (1997) FGF-1 and FGF-7 induce distinct patterns of growth and differentiation in embryonic lung epithelium. Dev Dyn 208:398–405CrossRefPubMed Cardoso WV, Itoh A, Nogawa H et al. (1997) FGF-1 and FGF-7 induce distinct patterns of growth and differentiation in embryonic lung epithelium. Dev Dyn 208:398–405CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cutz E, Wert SE, Nogee LM, Moore AM (2000) Deficiency of lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells associated with fatal respiratory disease in a full-term infant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:608–614PubMed Cutz E, Wert SE, Nogee LM, Moore AM (2000) Deficiency of lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells associated with fatal respiratory disease in a full-term infant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:608–614PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Davison AG, Heard BE, McAllister WA, Turner-Warwick ME (1983) Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis. Q J Med 52:382–394PubMed Davison AG, Heard BE, McAllister WA, Turner-Warwick ME (1983) Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis. Q J Med 52:382–394PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Demedts M, Gheysens B, Nagels J et al. (1984) Cobalt lung in diamond polishers. Am Rev Respir Dis 130:130–135PubMed Demedts M, Gheysens B, Nagels J et al. (1984) Cobalt lung in diamond polishers. Am Rev Respir Dis 130:130–135PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Dirksen U, Nishinakamura R, Groneck P et al. (1997) Human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with a defect in GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common beta chain expression. J Clin Invest 100:2211–2217PubMed Dirksen U, Nishinakamura R, Groneck P et al. (1997) Human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with a defect in GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common beta chain expression. J Clin Invest 100:2211–2217PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Dranoff G, Mulligan RC (1994) Activities of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor revealed by gene transfer and gene knockout studies. Stem Cells 12 Suppl 1:173–182 Dranoff G, Mulligan RC (1994) Activities of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor revealed by gene transfer and gene knockout studies. Stem Cells 12 Suppl 1:173–182
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Epler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC et al. (1985) Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 312:152–158PubMed Epler GR, Colby TV, McLoud TC et al. (1985) Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 312:152–158PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Griga T, Tromm A, Schmiegel W et al. (2004) Collagenous colitis: implications for the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in repair mechanisms. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:397–402CrossRefPubMed Griga T, Tromm A, Schmiegel W et al. (2004) Collagenous colitis: implications for the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in repair mechanisms. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:397–402CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamman L, Rich AR (1944) Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 74:177 Hamman L, Rich AR (1944) Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 74:177
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamvas A, Nogee LM, deMello DE, Cole FS (1995) Pathophysiology and treatment of surfactant protein-B deficiency. Biol Neonate 67 Suppl 1:18–31 Hamvas A, Nogee LM, deMello DE, Cole FS (1995) Pathophysiology and treatment of surfactant protein-B deficiency. Biol Neonate 67 Suppl 1:18–31
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzenstein AL, Fiorelli RF (1994) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis. Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg Pathol 18:136–147PubMed Katzenstein AL, Fiorelli RF (1994) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis. Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg Pathol 18:136–147PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzenstein AL, Myers JL, Mazur MT (1986) Acute interstitial pneumonia. A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and cell kinetic study. Am J Surg Pathol 10:256–267PubMed Katzenstein AL, Myers JL, Mazur MT (1986) Acute interstitial pneumonia. A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and cell kinetic study. Am J Surg Pathol 10:256–267PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzenstein AL, Gordon LP, Oliphant M, Swender PT (1995) Chronic pneumonitis of infancy. A unique form of interstitial lung disease occurring in early childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 19:439–447PubMed Katzenstein AL, Gordon LP, Oliphant M, Swender PT (1995) Chronic pneumonitis of infancy. A unique form of interstitial lung disease occurring in early childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 19:439–447PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller C, Jakobi V, Bauer B et al. (1996) Kondensatpneumopathie — Korrelation von Histologie, Lungenfunktion und HRCT. Atemw Lungenkrkh 22:54–57 Keller C, Jakobi V, Bauer B et al. (1996) Kondensatpneumopathie — Korrelation von Histologie, Lungenfunktion und HRCT. Atemw Lungenkrkh 22:54–57
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitaichi M (1990) Pathologic features and the classification of interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. Bull Chest Dis Res Inst Kyoto Univ 23:1–18PubMed Kitaichi M (1990) Pathologic features and the classification of interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. Bull Chest Dis Res Inst Kyoto Univ 23:1–18PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitamura T, Tanaka N, Watanabe J et al. (1999) Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 190:875–880CrossRefPubMed Kitamura T, Tanaka N, Watanabe J et al. (1999) Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 190:875–880CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Liebow AA (1968) New concepts and entities in pulmonary disease. In: Liebow AA, Smith DE (eds) The lung. Wiliams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 332–365 Liebow AA (1968) New concepts and entities in pulmonary disease. In: Liebow AA, Smith DE (eds) The lung. Wiliams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 332–365
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lison D (1996) Human toxicity of cobalt-containing dust and experimental studies on the mechanism of interstitial lung disease (hard metal disease). Crit Rev Toxicol 26:585–616PubMed Lison D (1996) Human toxicity of cobalt-containing dust and experimental studies on the mechanism of interstitial lung disease (hard metal disease). Crit Rev Toxicol 26:585–616PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Lison D, Lauwerys R, Demedts M, Nemery B (1996) Experimental research into the pathogenesis of cobalt/hard metal lung disease. Eur Respir J 9:1024–1028CrossRefPubMed Lison D, Lauwerys R, Demedts M, Nemery B (1996) Experimental research into the pathogenesis of cobalt/hard metal lung disease. Eur Respir J 9:1024–1028CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller KM (1979) Zur Frage der Sauerstofftoxizität bei der Beatmung. Praktische Anästhesie 6 Müller KM (1979) Zur Frage der Sauerstofftoxizität bei der Beatmung. Praktische Anästhesie 6
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller KM (1986) Lungenbefunde und Rauchgewohnheiten — Pathologische Anatomie. In: Geisler LS (Hrsg) Rauchen und Atemwege — Präventive und therapeutische Aspekte. Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaften, München, S 65–84 Müller KM (1986) Lungenbefunde und Rauchgewohnheiten — Pathologische Anatomie. In: Geisler LS (Hrsg) Rauchen und Atemwege — Präventive und therapeutische Aspekte. Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaften, München, S 65–84
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller KM, Berkel HD, Wosiewitz U et al. (1980) Yellow pulmonary hyaline membranes morphology and pathogenesis. Arch Anat Cytol Path Clin Exp Patho 28:283–285 Müller KM, Berkel HD, Wosiewitz U et al. (1980) Yellow pulmonary hyaline membranes morphology and pathogenesis. Arch Anat Cytol Path Clin Exp Patho 28:283–285
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller KM, Berkel HD, Wosiewitz U et al. Gelbe hyalinen Membranen „Folge eines protrahierten Schocks?“. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 62:209–213 Müller KM, Berkel HD, Wosiewitz U et al. Gelbe hyalinen Membranen „Folge eines protrahierten Schocks?“. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 62:209–213
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishinakamura R, Nakayama N, Hirabayashi Y et al. (1997) Mice deficient for the IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 beta c receptor exhibit lung pathology and impaired immune response, while beta IL3 receptor-deficient mice are normal. Immunity 2:211–222CrossRef Nishinakamura R, Nakayama N, Hirabayashi Y et al. (1997) Mice deficient for the IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 beta c receptor exhibit lung pathology and impaired immune response, while beta IL3 receptor-deficient mice are normal. Immunity 2:211–222CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogee LM (1997) Surfactant protein-B deficiency. Chest 111(Suppl 6):129S–135S Nogee LM (1997) Surfactant protein-B deficiency. Chest 111(Suppl 6):129S–135S
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogee LM, de Mello DE, Dehner LP, Colten HR (1993) Brief report: deficiency of pulmonary surfactant protein B in congenital alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 328:406–410CrossRefPubMed Nogee LM, de Mello DE, Dehner LP, Colten HR (1993) Brief report: deficiency of pulmonary surfactant protein B in congenital alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 328:406–410CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogee LM, Garnier G, Dietz HC et al. (1994) A mutation in the surfactant protein B gene responsible for fatal neonatal respiratory disease in multiple kindreds. J Clin Invest 93:1860–1863PubMed Nogee LM, Garnier G, Dietz HC et al. (1994) A mutation in the surfactant protein B gene responsible for fatal neonatal respiratory disease in multiple kindreds. J Clin Invest 93:1860–1863PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogee LM, Wert SE, Proffit SA et al. (2000) Allelic heterogeneity in hereditary surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:973–981PubMed Nogee LM, Wert SE, Proffit SA et al. (2000) Allelic heterogeneity in hereditary surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:973–981PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogee LM, Dunbar AE III, Wert SE et al. (2001) A mutation in the surfactant protein C gene associated with familial interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med 344:573–579CrossRefPubMed Nogee LM, Dunbar AE III, Wert SE et al. (2001) A mutation in the surfactant protein C gene associated with familial interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med 344:573–579CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ognibene FP, Masur H, Rogers P et al. (1988) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis without evidence of Pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med 109:874–879PubMed Ognibene FP, Masur H, Rogers P et al. (1988) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis without evidence of Pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med 109:874–879PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosen SH, Castleman B, Liebow AA (1958) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 258:1123–1142PubMed Rosen SH, Castleman B, Liebow AA (1958) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 258:1123–1142PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruano ML, Perez GJ, Casals C (1998) Effect of acidic pH on the structure and lipid binding properties of porcine surfactant protein A. Potential role of acidification along its exocytic pathway. J Biol Chem 273:15183–15191CrossRefPubMed Ruano ML, Perez GJ, Casals C (1998) Effect of acidic pH on the structure and lipid binding properties of porcine surfactant protein A. Potential role of acidification along its exocytic pathway. J Biol Chem 273:15183–15191CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz I, Gök M, Goeckenjan G, Müller KM (1998) Charakterisierung des Speicherinhaltes der „Rauchermakrophagen“. Atemw Lungenkrkh 24:257–258 Schmitz I, Gök M, Goeckenjan G, Müller KM (1998) Charakterisierung des Speicherinhaltes der „Rauchermakrophagen“. Atemw Lungenkrkh 24:257–258
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Schroeder SA, Shannon DC, Mark EJ (1992) Cellular interstitial pneumonitis in infants. A clinicopathologic study. Chest 101:1065–1069PubMed Schroeder SA, Shannon DC, Mark EJ (1992) Cellular interstitial pneumonitis in infants. A clinicopathologic study. Chest 101:1065–1069PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Seymour JF, Presneill JJ (2002) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:215–235CrossRefPubMed Seymour JF, Presneill JJ (2002) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: progress in the first 44 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:215–235CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Shulenin S, Nogee LM, Annilo T et al. (2004) ABCA3 gene mutations in newborns with fatal surfactant deficiency. N Engl J Med 350:1296–1303CrossRefPubMed Shulenin S, Nogee LM, Annilo T et al. (2004) ABCA3 gene mutations in newborns with fatal surfactant deficiency. N Engl J Med 350:1296–1303CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens PA, Pettenazzo A, Brasch F et al. (2005) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, alveolar proteinosis, and abnormal proprotein trafficking resulting from a spontaneous mutation in the surfactant protein C gene. Pediatr Res 57:89–98CrossRefPubMed Stevens PA, Pettenazzo A, Brasch F et al. (2005) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, alveolar proteinosis, and abnormal proprotein trafficking resulting from a spontaneous mutation in the surfactant protein C gene. Pediatr Res 57:89–98CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Suffredini AF, Ognibene FP, Lack EE et al. (1987) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: a common cause of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 107:7–13PubMed Suffredini AF, Ognibene FP, Lack EE et al. (1987) Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: a common cause of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 107:7–13PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka N, Watanabe J, Kitamura T et al. (1999) Lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis express a factor which neutralizes granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. FEBS Lett 442:246–250CrossRefPubMed Tanaka N, Watanabe J, Kitamura T et al. (1999) Lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis express a factor which neutralizes granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. FEBS Lett 442:246–250CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas AQ, Lane K, Phillips J III et al. (2002) Heterozygosity for a surfactant protein C gene mutation associated with usual interstitial pneumonitis and cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in one kindred. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1322–1328CrossRefPubMed Thomas AQ, Lane K, Phillips J III et al. (2002) Heterozygosity for a surfactant protein C gene mutation associated with usual interstitial pneumonitis and cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in one kindred. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1322–1328CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Travis WD, Matsui K, Moss J, Ferrans VJ (2000) Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns: survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Am J Surg Pathol 24:19–33CrossRefPubMed Travis WD, Matsui K, Moss J, Ferrans VJ (2000) Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns: survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Am J Surg Pathol 24:19–33CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Tryka AF, Wert SE, Mazursky JE et al. (2000) Absence of lamellar bodies with accumulation of dense bodies characterizes a novel form of congenital surfactant defect. Pediatr Dev Pathol 3:335–345CrossRefPubMed Tryka AF, Wert SE, Mazursky JE et al. (2000) Absence of lamellar bodies with accumulation of dense bodies characterizes a novel form of congenital surfactant defect. Pediatr Dev Pathol 3:335–345CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen
verfasst von
PD Dr. F. Brasch
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 2/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-006-0823-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2006

Der Pathologe 2/2006 Zur Ausgabe

Schwerpunkt: Lungen- und Pleurapathologie — Übersicht

Vaskulopathien bei pulmonal-arterieller Hypertonie

Schwerpunkt: Lungen- und Pleurapathologie — Originalie

EGFR-Expression in pulmonalen neuroendokrinen Zellhyperplasien

Schwerpunkt: Lungen- und Pleurapathologie — Originalie

Epitheloides Hämangioendotheliom der Lunge (IVBAT)

Schwerpunkt: Lungen- und Pleurapathologie — Übersicht

Aktuelle morphologische Diagnostik bösartiger Lungentumoren

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.