Up to one third of acute ischemic strokes that occur in young adults are categorized as embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS), as the precise cause cannot be reliably identified despite recommended diagnostic procedures [
1,
2]. When the ESUS concept was introduced, atrial fibrillation was presumed to be the primary underlying cause [
3]. However, accumulating evidence challenges this assumption and various other potential embolic sources have gained attention as potential etiologies in ESUS patients. …