Background
Methods
Patient enrollment
PET study protocol
Immunohistochemistry
Multiplex cytokine assay
Statistics
Results
Patient characteristics
FDG-SUVmax | FMISO-TBR | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Number | (%) | Mean | SD | p Value | Mean | SD | p Value | |
Number of patients | 44 | ||||||||
Age, years | Average | 53.5 | |||||||
(range) | (38–78) | ||||||||
< 50 | 20 | (45.4) | 11.1 | 4.4 | 0.02 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
≥ 50 | 24 | (45.5) | 7.9 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |||
Tumor size | Average | 40.9 | |||||||
(range) | (14–80) | ||||||||
< 4 cm | 25 | (56.8) | 8 | 3.6 | 0.02 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.03 | |
≥ 4 cm | 19 | (43.1) | 11.1 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 0.4 | |||
Histology | IDC | 41 | (93.1) | 9.6 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
Others | 3 | (6.8) | 6 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | |||
Nuclear grade | 1/2 | 17 | (38.6) | 7.4 | 3.6 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.007 |
3 | 21 | (47.7) | 10 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |||
Unknown | 6 | (13.6) | – | – | – | ||||
Nodal involvement | 0 | 12 | (27.2) | 6.8 | 3.3 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
≥ 1 | 32 | (72.7) | 10.5 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |||
ER | + | 26 | (59) | 9.1 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
– | 18 | (40.9) | 9.6 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |||
PgR | + | 19 | (43.1) | 7.9 | 3.1 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.009 |
– | 25 | (56.8) | 10.4 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |||
HER2 | + | 7 | (15.9) | 7.8 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1 |
– | 37 | (84) | 9.6 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |||
Luminal A | 7 | (15.9) | 7.8 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.03 | |
Luminal B | 16 | (36.4) | 9.7 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | |||
TNBC | 14 | (31.8) | 10.5 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 | |||
HER2 | 7 | (15.9) | 7.9 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |||
Chemotherapy | + | 39 | (88.6) | 9.7 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.01 |
– | 5 | (11.4) | 6.4 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |||
Endocrine therapy | + | 26 | (59) | 9.1 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
– | 18 | (40.9) | 9.6 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
FDG-PET and FMISO-PET imaging markers
Patient prognosis
Cox regression analysis
Disease-free survival variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | (95% CI) | p Value | HR | (95% CI) | p Value | ||
Tumor size | < 4 cm | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.2 | ||
≥ 4 cm | 1.35 | (0.43 to 4.19) | 0.43 | (0.09 to 1.94) | |||
Nuclear grade | 1/2 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.06 | ||
3 | 1 | (0.28 to 3.56) | 0.15 | (0.02 to 1.13) | |||
ER | + | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.03 | ||
– | 3.72 | (1.12 to 12.3) | 7.53 | (1.17 to 48.33) | |||
Nodal involvement | – | 1 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.4 | ||
+ | 5.75 | (0.74 to 44.2) | 2.25 | (0.25 to 19.9) | |||
FMISO-TBR | < 1.48 | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.005 | ||
≥ 1.48 | 5.72 | (1.83 to 17.82) | 11.35 | (2.07 to 62.23) | |||
Chemotherapy | 1 | 0.9 | N/A | ||||
+ | 368,675.3 | (5.3E-168 to 25.4E + 177) | |||||
Overall survival variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
HR | (95% CI) | p Value | HR | (95% CI) | p Value | ||
Tumor size | < 4 cm | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.7 | ||
≥ 4 cm | 1.45 | (0.29 to 7.15) | 0.71 | (0.1 to 4.71) | |||
Nuclear grade | 1/2 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.2 | ||
3 | 1.09 | (1.18 to 6.57) | 0.21 | (0.01 to 2.82) | |||
ER | + | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 | ||
– | 3.03 | (0.55 to 16.5) | 10.24 | (0.57 to 181.96) | |||
Nodal involvement | – | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.9 | ||
+ | 411,595.95 | (9.7E-202 to 1.74E + 210) | 141,679.29 | (7.17E-223 to 27.97E + 231) | |||
FMISO-TBR | < 1.48 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.1 | ||
≥ 1.48 | 4.43 | (0.88 to 22.17) | 7.59 | (0.63 to 90.68) | |||
Chemotherapy | 1 | 0.9 | N/A | ||||
+ | 122,960.7 | (6.7E-167 to 222.6E + 174) |
Multiplex cytokine analysis
FMISO-TBR | |||
---|---|---|---|
< 1.48 | ≥ 1.48 | ||
Factors | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value |
VEGF, pg/ml | 62.1 ± 49.5 | 272.2 ± 188.4 | 0.006 |
TGF-α pg/ml | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 0.01 |
IL-8 pg/ml | 4.8 ± 2.9 | 14.7 ± 8.9 | 0.01 |