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Erschienen in: Der Gynäkologe 7/2020

23.06.2020 | Glucocorticoide | Leitthema

Intrauterine Prägung – Konzept und Bedeutung der Plazenta

verfasst von: PD Dr. Thorsten Braun

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 7/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Fetale Prägung beschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Einfluss exogener und endogener Faktoren in sensiblen Phasen der Fetalentwicklung und dem Zellwachstum und der Organentwicklung, letztendlich mit dem Resultat einer anhaltenden postnatalen Veränderung in Organ- und Gewebsfunktionen. Hierbei kann eine Fehlanpassung mit dem Auftreten von Erkrankungen im gesamten späteren Leben assoziiert sein. Suboptimale intrauterine Bedingungen, wie etwa maternale Fehlernährung, Hypoxie, psychischer Stress oder aber die GC(Glukokortikoid)-Exposition, können die fetale Entwicklung nachhaltig beeinflussen und sind häufig mit einer Verringerung des Geburtsgewichts assoziiert. Das mögliche Spektrum der Spätfolgen ist hierbei weit gefächert. Die antenatale Behandlung mit GC scheint mit einer geschlechtsspezifischen fetalen Wachstumsrestriktion sowie strukturellen und funktionellen Veränderungen in der Plazenta assoziiert zu sein, die potenziell die Gesundheit im späteren Leben beeinflussen können. Während bei den weiblichen Feten eine eher kontinuierliche Sensibilität gegenüber GC zu bestehen scheint, möglicherweise im Sinne einer präferentiellen Überlebensstrategie zur Sicherung der Reproduktionsfähigkeit mit Spezieserhalt, scheint bei männlichen Feten nach GC-Exposition die Plazenta zumindest temporär eine Resistenz gegenüber GC zu entwickeln. Die geschlechtsspezifische Sensibilität gegenüber GC wird vermutlich durch ein unterschiedliches GR(GC-Rezeptoren)-Verteilungsmuster, Expression und/oder Interaktion verursacht und durch die Behandlung mit GC beeinflusst. Ein verbessertes Verständnis für die plazentavermittelten Signalwege, die zur fetalen Programmierung beitragen, wird von entscheidender Bedeutung bei den Bemühungen sein, interventionelle Strategien für Risikogruppen zu entwickeln.
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Metadaten
Titel
Intrauterine Prägung – Konzept und Bedeutung der Plazenta
verfasst von
PD Dr. Thorsten Braun
Publikationsdatum
23.06.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Glucocorticoide
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 7/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04621-3

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