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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 2/2004

01.02.2004 | Leitthema

Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid zur Behandlung intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. B. Jonas, I. Kreissig, B. Kamppeter, R. F. Degenring

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 2/2004

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid ist in den letzten beiden Jahren exponentiell zunehmend zur Behandlung verschiedener intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen verwendet worden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse zu geben.

Methode und Ergebnisse

Die relativ besten Therapieergebnisse wurden bisher bei intraretinalen ödematösen Erkrankungen erreicht, insbesondere beim diffusen diabetischen Makulaödem und bei zystoiden Makulaödemen durch retinalen Zentralvenen- und Venenastverschluss. Zusätzlich liegen positive Berichte über die Verwendung von intravitrealem Triamcinolonacetonid zur Therapie der sympathischen Ophthalmie, perifovealer Teleangieaktasien und nichtinfektiöser Uveitis unterschiedlicher Genese vor. Möglicherweise ist intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid hilfreich bei der angiostatischen Therapie der Rubeosis iridis und bei proliferierenden ischämischen Retinopathien. Eventuell hat es, mit oder ohne photodynamische Therapie, zusätzlich ein gewisses Einsatzgebiet bei der exsudativen altersassoziierten Makuladegeneration. Bei chronischer, therapieresistenter, okulärer Hypotonie am Übergang zur Phthisis bulbi kann manchmal durch eine intravitreale Injektion von Triamcinolon eine Steigerung des Augeninnendrucks und eine Stabilisierung der inneren Homoiostase des Auges erreicht werden. Die Rolle von intravitrealem Triamcinolon zur unterstützenden Therapie einer proliferativen Vitreoretinopathie ist unklar. Die Injektion kann mit einer Kataraktoperation kombiniert werden. Kataraktoperationen, die Monate nach der Injektion durchgeführt werden, haben keine wesentlich erhöhte Komplikationsrate. Erfolgt auf eine erste intravitreale Injektion ein Visusanstieg, kann sie wiederholt werden. Die Dauer der Wirkung einer intravitrealen Triamcinoloninjektion liegt wahrscheinlich in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Dosis zwischen 2 und 9 Monaten. Triamcinolon wurde bis zu 9 Monate nach einer Injektion von 25 mg im Kammerwasser nachgewiesen. Komplikationen der intravitrealen Applikation von Triamcinolonacetonid, wie z. B. eine okuläre Hypertension in etwa 40% der injizierten Augen, ein kataraktogener Effekt, eine postoperative infektiöse oder sterile Endophthalmitis und eine Pseudoendophthalmitis, werden in einer weiteren Arbeit dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die intravitreale Triamcinolontherapie ist unter Umständen eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit, um intraokuläre ödematöse und neovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu behandeln. Die Komplikationen und die noch fehlenden Langzeitbeobachtungen sind zu bedenken.
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Metadaten
Titel
Intravitreales Triamcinolonacetonid zur Behandlung intraokulärer ödematöser und neovaskulärer Erkrankungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. B. Jonas
I. Kreissig
B. Kamppeter
R. F. Degenring
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2004
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 2/2004
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-003-0982-0

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