Introduction
Patients and methods
Patients
Methods
Calculations and statistics
Name of method/referencea
| Formulab
|
---|---|
Reference GFR (GFR7p) | |
Two-compartment model |
C(t) = Ae
−αt
+ Be
−βt
|
Absolute GFR7p (mL/min)b
|
Cl = I/(A/α + B/β) |
BSA-normalized GFR7p (mL/min/1.7 3 m2) |
Cl
BSA = Cl × 1.73/BSA
|
Single-point GFR (GFR1p) | |
GFR1p-Fleming [11] |
\( {V}_{app}(t)=\frac{I}{C(t)}\times 1.73/ BSA \)
|
A = − 11297 − 4883 ∙ BSA − 41.94 ∙ t
| |
B = 5862 + 1282 ∙ BSA + 15.5 ∙ t
| |
\( {Cl}_{BSA}^{\prime }=\frac{A+B\bullet \ln \frac{V_{app(t)}}{1000}}{t} \)
| |
\( {Cl}_{BSA}=\max \left({Cl}_{BSA}^{\prime },0\right) \)
| |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz [26] |
C
120 = C(t) · exp[0.008 · (t − 120)] |
V
120 = I/C
120
| |
Cl = 2.602 · V
120/1000 − 0.273 | |
Cl
BSA
= Cl · 1.73/BSA
| |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted [16] |
A = − 72.295 ∙ ln(t) + 425.41 |
B = − 553.124 ∙ ln(t) + 3236.76 | |
\( x=\ln \left(\frac{I}{C(t)\bullet BSA\bullet {10}^7}\right) \)
| |
Cl
BSA
= A · x + B
| |
\( {V}^{\prime }=231\cdotp \mathsf{weight}+1215 \)
| |
\( {Cl}^{\prime }=\ln \left(\frac{I}{V^{\prime}\bullet C(t)}\right)/\left(\frac{I}{V^{\prime}\bullet C(t)}+0.0016\right) \)
| |
\( {Cl}_{BSA}^{\prime }={Cl}^{\prime}\cdotp 1.73/ BSA \)
| |
Cl
BSA
= 180 − 14.1 √ [133 − min(Cl′
BSA
, 133)] | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson [12] |
\( V=246\cdotp \mathsf{weight} \)
\( {Cl}_v=\ln \left(\frac{I}{V\bullet C(t)}\right)/\left(\frac{I}{V\bullet C(t)}+0.0016\right) \)
m = 0.991 − 0.00122 × Cl
v
V
′ = V/m
|
\( Cl=\ln \left(\frac{I}{V^{\prime}\bullet C(t)}\right)/\left(\frac{I}{V^{\prime}\bullet C(t)}+0.0016\right) \)
| |
\( {Cl}_{BSA}=\mathrm{Cl}\cdotp 1.73/\mathrm{BSA} \)
| |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. [17] |
\( V=246\cdotp \mathsf{weight} \)
|
\( Cl=\ln \left(\frac{I}{V\bullet C(t)}\right)/\left(\frac{I}{V\bullet C(t)}+0.0016\right) \)
| |
\( {Cl}_{BSA}=\mathrm{Cl}\cdotp 1.73/\mathrm{BSA} \)
|
Examples | Value | Units | Calculation/comment |
---|---|---|---|
Product | |||
Omnipaque | 300 | mg I/ml | |
Product density | 1.345 | g/ml | Product density at room temperature. |
Iohexol density | 647 | mg/mL | |
Injected dose | |||
Omnipaque, weight | 2.8 | g | |
Omnipaque, volume | 2.08 | mL | 2.8 g/1.345 g/mL |
Iohexol, weight | 1346.9 | mg | 2.08 mL × 647 mg/mL |
Example patient | |||
Sample time | 180 | min | 3 h × 60 min/h |
Concentration | 0.100 | mg/mL | 100 μg/mL |
Body weight | 13 | kg | |
Body height | 90 | cm | |
BSA | 0.574 | m2
|
\( 0.024265\times {\mathsf{height}}^{0.3964}\times {\mathsf{weight}}^{0.3964} \)
=0.024265 × 900.3964 × 130.5378
|
GFR1p values (BSA-adjusted) | |||
GFR1p-Fleming | 72.9 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 64.6 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 61.8 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR1p-Stake | 76.5 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 75.7 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 74.9 | mL/min/1.73 m2
| See Table 1
|
GFR7p calculations | |||
Measured concentrations at all time points: | |||
Time point | Time (min) |
C(t) (mg/mL) |
C
∗(t) (mg/mL) |
1 | 10 | 0.464 | 0.169 |
2 | 30 | 0.343 | 0.082 |
3 | 120 | 0.156 | – |
4 | 180 | 0.100 | – |
5 | 210 | 0.084 | – |
6 | 240 | 0.072 | – |
7 | 300 | 0.051 | – |
Formula | Mean bias (GFR1p − GFR7p) | Proportion of measures within x% of reference method (95% CI)a
|
P valuea
| ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) |
r
| Bias | Limits of agreement | P5 | P10 | P15 | P20 | ||||||
% of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | ||||||
GFR1p-Fleming | 2 | 0.99 | − 1.8 | − 12.3 to 8.8 | 54 | 44–64 | 79 | 70–86 | 86 | 78–92 | 90 | 82–94 | 0.42 |
3 | 0.98 | − 1.5 | − 13.5 to 10.5 | 56 | 46–66 | 82 | 73–89 | 89 | 81–93 | 91 | 83–95 | N/A | |
3.5 | 0.98 | 0.1 | − 12.4 to 12.5 | 44 | 35–54 | 81 | 72–88 | 87 | 79–93 | 89 | 82–94 | 0.51 | |
4 | 0.98 | 1.5 | − 12.4 to 15.4 | 41 | 31–51 | 75 | 65–83 | 90 | 82–94 | 92 | 84–96 | 0.10 | |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 0.98 | 4.1 | − 11.0 to 19.2 | 42 | 32–52 | 64 | 54–72 | 73 | 63–81 | 76 | 67–83 | < 0.001 |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 0.98 | 3.6 | − 9.2 to 16.3 | 35 | 27–45 | 65 | 55–73 | 75 | 65–83 | 81 | 72–88 | < 0.001 |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 0.97 | 5.8 | − 16.2 to 27.8 | 33 | 25–3 | 66 | 56–74 | 78 | 69–85 | 82 | 73–89) | 0.002 |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 2 | 0.97 | − 1.6 | − 26.0 to 22.8 | 32 | 24–42 | 58 | 48–68 | 69 | 59–77 | 78 | 69–85 | < .001 |
3 | 0.98 | 1.0 | − 17.7 to 19.7 | 34 | 26–44 | 58 | 48–68 | 74 | 64–82 | 81 | 72–88 | < .001 | |
3.5 | 0.98 | 2.2 | − 14.6 to 19.0 | 27 | 19–37 | 64 | 54–73 | 75 | 65–82 | 82 | 73–89 | < .001 | |
4 | 0.98 | 2.6 | − 14.6 to 19.8 | 32 | 24–42 | 65 | 55–73 | 76 | 67–83 | 88 | 79–93 | < .001 | |
5 | 0.98 | 1.9 | − 12.5 to 16.3 | 43 | 33–53 | 72 | 62–80 | 85 | 77–91 | 91 | 83–95 | 0.04 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 2 | 0.97 | − 0.5 | − 24.3 to 23.2 | 33 | 25–43 | 61 | 51–71 | 70 | 60–78 | 78 | 69–85 | < 0.001 |
3 | 0.98 | 0.2 | − 16.7 to 17.1 | 35 | 27–45 | 69 | 59–77 | 75 | 65–83 | 84 | 76–90 | 0.003 | |
3.5 | 0.98 | 0.8 | − 14.1 to 15.7 | 41 | 32–51 | 65 | 55–74 | 80 | 71–87 | 88 | 80–93 | < 0.001 | |
4 | 0.98 | 0.8 | − 14.5 to 16.1 | 42 | 32–52 | 71 | 61–79 | 85 | 77–91 | 91 | 83–95 | 0.02 | |
5 | 0.98 | − 0.4 | − 13.8 to 13.0 | 50 | 40–60 | 74 | 64–82 | 90 | 82–94 | 94 | 87–97 | 0.08 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 0.99 | − 1.7 | − 9.4 to 6.1 | 73 | 63–81 | 97 | 97–99 | 100 | 96–100 | 100 | 96–100 | < 0.001 |
Formula | Time (h) | Proportion of measures within 10% (P10) of reference method (95% CI) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CKD 1 | CKD 2 | CDK 3 | CKD 1–3 | CKD 4–5 | CKD 1–5 | ||||||||
% of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | % of measures | 95% CI | ||
GFR1p-Fleming | 2 | 97 | 83– 99 | 88 | 71–96 | 78 | 58–90 | 88 | 80– 94 | 39 | 20–61 | 79 | 70–86 |
3 | 90 | 74–96 | 96 | 81–99 | 91 | 73–98 | 92 | 84–96 | 39 | 20–61 | 82 | 73–89 | |
3.5 | 83 | 65–92 | 96 | 81–99 | 91 | 73–98 | 90 | 81–95 | 41 | 22–64 | 81 | 72–88 | |
4 | 79 | 62–90 | 85 | 66–94 | 78 | 58–90 | 81 | 71–88 | 50 | 29–71 | 75 | 65–83 | |
5 | 69 | 51–83 | 46 | 29–65 | 39 | 22–59 | 53 | 42 –63 | 67 | 44–84 | 55 | 45–65 | |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 79 | 62–90 | 96 | 81–99 | 57 | 37–74 | 78 | 68–86 | 0 | 0–18 | 64 | 54–72 |
3 | 62 | 44–77 | 54 | 35–71 | 39 | 22–59 | 53 | 42–63 | 33 | 16–56 | 49 | 39–59 | |
3.5 | 66 | 47–80 | 35 | 19–54 | 13 | 5–32 | 40 | 30–51 | 47 | 26–69 | 41 | 32–51 | |
4 | 41 | 26–59 | 35 | 19–54 | 0 | 0–14 | 27 | 18–38 | 17 | 6–39 | 25 | 17–35 | |
5 | 34 | 20–53 | 19 | 9–38 | 0 | 0–14 | 19 | 12–29 | 0 | 0–18 | 16 | 10–24 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 79 | 62–90 | 81 | 62–91 | 57 | 37–74 | 73 | 62–82 | 28 | 12–51 | 65 | 55–73 |
3 | 14 | 5–31 | 12 | 4–29 | 4 | 1–21 | 10 | 5–19 | 22 | 9–45 | 12 | 7–21 | |
3.5 | 0 | 0–2 | 0 | 0–13 | 0 | 0–14 | 0 | 0–5 | 0 | 0–18 | 0 | 0–4 | |
4 | 0 | 0–12 | 0 | 0–13 | 0 | 0–14 | 0 | 0–5 | 0 | 0–18 | 0 | 0–4 | |
5 | 0 | 0–12 | 0 | 0–13 | 0 | 0–14 | 0 | 0–5 | 0 | 0–18 | 0 | 0–4 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 2 | 48 | 31–66 | 81 | 62–91 | 35 | 19–55 | 55 | 44–66 | 17 | 6–39 | 48 | 38–58 |
3 | 45 | 28–62 | 85 | 66–94 | 91 | 73–98 | 72 | 61–81 | 39 | 20–61 | 66 | 56–74 | |
3.5 | 45 | 28–62 | 77 | 58–89 | 65 | 45–81 | 62 | 50–72 | 24 | 10–47 | 55 | 45–64 | |
4 | 55 | 38–72 | 58 | 39–74 | 52 | 33–71 | 55 | 44–66 | 6 | 1–26 | 46 | 36–56 | |
5 | 55 | 38–72 | 62 | 43–78 | 22 | 10–42 | 47 | 37–58 | 11 | 3–33 | 41 | 31–51 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 2 | 66 | 47–80 | 77 | 58–89 | 48 | 29–67 | 64 | 53–74 | 33 | 16–56 | 58 | 48–68 |
3 | 62 | 44–77 | 73 | 54–86 | 61 | 41–78 | 65 | 54–75 | 28 | 12–51 | 58 | 48–68 | |
3.5 | 76 | 58–88 | 77 | 58–89 | 61 | 41–78 | 72 | 61–81 | 29 | 13–53 | 64 | 54–73 | |
4 | 79 | 62–90 | 65 | 46–81 | 70 | 49–84 | 72 | 61–81 | 33 | 16–56 | 65 | 55–73 | |
5 | 86 | 69–95 | 77 | 58–89 | 70 | 49–84 | 78 | 68–86 | 44 | 25–66 | 72 | 62–80 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod | 2 | 69 | 51–83 | 81 | 62–91 | 52 | 33–71 | 68 | 57–77 | 33 | 16–56 | 61 | 51–71 |
3 | 83 | 65–92 | 85 | 66–94 | 65 | 45–81 | 78 | 68–86 | 28 | 12–51 | 69 | 59–77 | |
3.5 | 79 | 62–90 | 77 | 58–89 | 61 | 41–78 | 73 | 62–82 | 29 | 13–53 | 65 | 55–74 | |
4 | 79 | 62–90 | 81 | 62–91 | 83 | 63–93 | 81 | 71–88 | 28 | 12–51 | 71 | 61–79 | |
5 | 72 | 54–85 | 96 | 81–99 | 74 | 54–87 | 81 | 71–88 | 44 | 25–66 | 74 | 64–82 | |
GFR2p-Jødal-Brøchner-Mortensen | 2 and 5 | 90 | 74–96 | 100 | 87–100 | 100 | 86–100 | 96 | 89–99 | 100 | 82–100 | 97 | 91–99 |
Patient group | Formula | Time (h) |
n
|
r
| Mean bias (GFR1p − GFR7p) | Percentage of measures within x% of reference method (Px)a
|
P valueb
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias | Limits of agreement | P5 | P10 | P15 | P20 | ||||||
Age < 10 years | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 52 | 0.99 | − 0.5 | − 9.7 to 8.8 | 65 | 83 | 88 | 92 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 52 | 0.97 | 2.3 | − 13.3 to 17.8 | 48 | 73 | 83 | 87 | 0.15 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 52 | 0.99 | 2.0 | − 10.7 to 14.7 | 40 | 69 | 81 | 87 | 0.02 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 52 | 0.97 | 7.3 | − 14.1 to 28.6 | 29 | 62 | 75 | 79 | 0.008 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 52 | 0.98 | 2.0 | − 11.1 to 15.1 | 52 | 79 | 90 | 92 | 0.55 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 52 | 0.98 | 0.1 | − 12.8 to 13.0 | 58 | 81 | 90 | 94 | 0.77 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 52 | 0.99 | − 2.0 | − 10.2 to 6.3 | 60 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 0.02 | |
Age ≥ 10 years | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 44 | 0.98 | − 2.7 | − 17.1 to 11.6 | 45 | 82 | 89 | 89 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 44 | 0.99 | 6.3 | − 7.1 to 19.6 | 34 | 52 | 61 | 64 | 0.001 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 44 | 0.99 | 5.4 | − 6.6 to 17.3 | 30 | 59 | 68 | 75 | 0.02 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 44 | 0.98 | 4.1 | − 18.5 to 26.6 | 39 | 70 | 82 | 86 | 0.11 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 44 | 0.98 | 1.8 | − 14.1 to 17.7 | 32 | 64 | 80 | 89 | 0.04 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 44 | 0.98 | − 1.0 | − 15.0 to 13.0 | 41 | 66 | 89 | 93 | 0.02 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 44 | 1.0 | − 1.4 | − 0.5 to 5.8 | 89 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 0.02 | |
BSA < 1.0 m2
| GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 47 | 0.99 | 0.0 | − 9.5 to 9.6 | 68 | 81 | 87 | 91 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 47 | 0.97 | 2.9 | − 13.0 to 18.7 | 43 | 68 | 79 | 83 | 0.09 | |
GFR1p-Groth and Aasted | 2 | 47 | 0.99 | 2.1 | − 11.3 to 15.5 | 45 | 64 | 79 | 85 | 0.01 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 47 | 0.98 | 7.6 | − 12.1 to 27.3 | 23 | 57 | 72 | 77 | 0.008 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 47 | 0.97 | 1.5 | − 12.4 to 15.4 | 57 | 83 | 89 | 89 | 0.73 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 47 | 0.98 | − 0.2 | − 13.6 to 13.3 | 60 | 83 | 91 | 94 | 0.75 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 47 | 0.99 | − 1.9 | − 10.1 to 6.3 | 60 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 0.02 | |
BSA < 1.45 m2
| GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 77 | 0.99 | − 0.4 | − 9.6 to 8.9 | 60 | 84 | 90 | 92 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 77 | 0.97 | 3.4 | − 11.7 to 18.4 | 42 | 65 | 77 | 81 | < 0.001 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 77 | 0.98 | 3.1 | − 9.5 to 15.6 | 39 | 68 | 78 | 86 | 0.001 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 77 | 0.97 | 7.2 | − 15.6 to 30.0 | 30 | 64 | 75 | 81 | < 0.001 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 77 | 0.98 | 2.6 | − 10.8 to 15.9 | 48 | 75 | 87 | 92 | 0.10 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 77 | 0.98 | 0.6 | − 11.5 to 12.6 | 55 | 77 | 91 | 96 | 0.17 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 77 | 0.99 | − 1.7 | − 9.7 to 6.3 | 69 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 0.01 | |
CKD stage 1 | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 29 | 0.83 | − 4.1 | − 21.9 to 13.8 | 59 | 90 | 93 | 97 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 29 | 0.93 | 2.6 | − 12.6 to 17.8 | 59 | 79 | 97 | 100 | 0.34 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 29 | 0.91 | 4.3 | − 8.7 to 17.3 | 48 | 79 | 97 | 100 | 0.34 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 29 | 0.82 | 14.9 | − 15.4 to 45.1 | 21 | 45 | 66 | 72 | 0.001 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 29 | 0.82 | 2.6 | − 17.0 to 22.3 | 45 | 86 | 86 | 93 | 0.69 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 29 | 0.81 | − 2.9 | − 21.5 to 15.7 | 55 | 72 | 97 | 97 | 0.03 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 29 | 0.92 | − 1.7 | − 15.3 to 9.1 | 59 | 90 | 100 | 100 | 0.81 | |
CKD stage 2 | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 26 | 0.93 | 0.4 | − 6.8 to 7.7 | 73 | 96 | 100 | 100 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 26 | 0.91 | − 0.7 | − 9.5 to 8.0 | 62 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 0.75 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 26 | 0.91 | 5.5 | − 3.5 to 14.5 | 42 | 81 | 92 | 96 | 0.06 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 26 | 0.89 | 3.9 | − 7.1 to 15.0 | 38 | 85 | 92 | 96 | 0.13 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 26 | 0.93 | 4.6 | − 4.3 to 13.5 | 42 | 77 | 96 | 100 | 0.03 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 26 | 0.94 | 2.1 | − 5.5 to 9.7 | 58 | 96 | 96 | 100 | 0.75 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 26 | 0.96 | − 2.0 | − 7.6 to 3.7 | 69 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.50 | |
CKD stage 3 | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 23 | 0.97 | 0.0 | − 4.8 to 4.9 | 61 | 91 | 100 | 100 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 23 | 0.77 | 3.7 | − 6.2 to 13.6 | 30 | 57 | 70 | 78 | 0.01 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 23 | 0.78 | 1.9 | − 9.5 to 13.3 | 35 | 57 | 65 | 74 | 0.004 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 23 | 0.96 | 0.6 | − 5.0 to 6.2 | 48 | 91 | 100 | 100 | 1.00 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 23 | 0.90 | 2.1 | − 7.0 to 11.3 | 43 | 70 | 96 | 96 | 0.03 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 23 | 0.90 | 2.0 | − 6.3 to 10.3 | 48 | 74 | 96 | 96 | 0.06 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5 | 23 | 0.98 | − 0.7 | − 3.7 to 2.4 | 87 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.25 | |
CKD stages 4–5 | GFR1p-Fleming | 3 | 18 | 0.83 | − 2.0 | − 11.7 to 7.6 | 22 | 39 | 50 | 56 | N/A |
GFR1p-Ham&Piepz | 2 | 18 | 0.75 | 14.0 | 5.3–22.8 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0.008 | |
GFR1p-Groth&Aasted | 2 | 18 | 0.77 | 1.7 | −15.3 to 18.7 | 6 | 28 | 28 | 39 | 0.45 | |
GFR1p-Stake | 3 | 18 | 0.75 | 0.6 | − 11.4 to 12.6 | 28 | 39 | 50 | 56 | 0.84 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson | 5 | 18 | 0.73 | − 3.4 | − 14.7 to 7.8 | 39 | 44 | 56 | 67 | 0.75 | |
GFR1p-Jacobsson-mod. | 5 | 18 | 0.75 | − 2.9 | − 13.9 to 8.0 | 33 | 44 | 61 | 78 | 0.75 | |
GFR2p-JBM | 2 and 5h | 18 | 1.00 | − 0.3 | 1.2–1.0 | 83 | 100 | 100 | 100 | < 0.001 |