Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 13-14/2016

30.08.2016 | main topic

Iron, microbiota and colorectal cancer

verfasst von: Oliver Ng

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 13-14/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Iron deficiency and anaemia are common in colorectal cancer. Replacement with oral or intravenous iron effectively treats this deficiency. However, mechanistic and population studies suggest that excess iron promotes colorectal carcinogenesis. Growing research into gut microbiota and dysbiosis suggests one explanation for this association. Iron is growth limiting for many pathogenic bacteria and may promote a shift in the ratio of pathogenic to protective bacteria. This may increase the toxic bacterial metabolites, promoting inflammation and carcinogenesis. This has important implications as we seek to correct anaemia in our patients.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Beard JL, Dawson H, Pinero DJ. Iron metabolism: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(10):295–317.CrossRefPubMed Beard JL, Dawson H, Pinero DJ. Iron metabolism: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(10):295–317.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang X. Iron overload and its association with cancer risk in humans: evidence for iron as a carcinogenic metal. Mutat Res. 2003;533(1–2):153–71.CrossRefPubMed Huang X. Iron overload and its association with cancer risk in humans: evidence for iron as a carcinogenic metal. Mutat Res. 2003;533(1–2):153–71.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Beale AL, Penney MD, Allison MC. The prevalence of iron deficiency among patients presenting with colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2005;7(4):398–402.CrossRefPubMed Beale AL, Penney MD, Allison MC. The prevalence of iron deficiency among patients presenting with colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2005;7(4):398–402.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Tokunaga N, Mukai M, Tajima T, Makuuchi H, Saito T. Anemia in patients with colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(4):488–94.CrossRefPubMed Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Tokunaga N, Mukai M, Tajima T, Makuuchi H, Saito T. Anemia in patients with colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(4):488–94.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Little JBE, Gardner L. Anemia of chronic disease. In: Hoffman RBE, Silberstein L, Heslop H, Weitz J, Anastasi J, editors. Hematology: basic principles and practice, 6th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. pp. 450–6. Little JBE, Gardner L. Anemia of chronic disease. In: Hoffman RBE, Silberstein L, Heslop H, Weitz J, Anastasi J, editors. Hematology: basic principles and practice, 6th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. pp. 450–6.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Carson JL, Duff A, Poses RM, Berlin JA, Spence RK, Trout R, Noveck H, Strom BL. Effect of anaemia and cardiovascular disease on surgical mortality and morbidity. Lancet. 1996;348(9034):1055–60.CrossRefPubMed Carson JL, Duff A, Poses RM, Berlin JA, Spence RK, Trout R, Noveck H, Strom BL. Effect of anaemia and cardiovascular disease on surgical mortality and morbidity. Lancet. 1996;348(9034):1055–60.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Beattie WS, Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Tait G. Risk associated with preoperative anemia in noncardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):574–81.CrossRefPubMed Beattie WS, Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Tait G. Risk associated with preoperative anemia in noncardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):574–81.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Leichtle SW, Mouawad NJ, Lampman R, Singal B, Cleary RK. Does preoperative anemia adversely affect colon and rectal surgery outcomes? J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(2):187–94.CrossRefPubMed Leichtle SW, Mouawad NJ, Lampman R, Singal B, Cleary RK. Does preoperative anemia adversely affect colon and rectal surgery outcomes? J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(2):187–94.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cata JP, Wang H, Gottumukkala V, Reuben J, Sessler DI. Inflammatory response, immunosuppression, and cancer recurrence after perioperative blood transfusions. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(5):690–701.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cata JP, Wang H, Gottumukkala V, Reuben J, Sessler DI. Inflammatory response, immunosuppression, and cancer recurrence after perioperative blood transfusions. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(5):690–701.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard AC, Davenport DL, Chang PK, Vaughan TB, Zwischenberger JB. Intraoperative transfusion of 1U to 2U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(5):931–937.e2, discussion 938–939 doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.11.019.CrossRefPubMed Bernard AC, Davenport DL, Chang PK, Vaughan TB, Zwischenberger JB. Intraoperative transfusion of 1U to 2U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(5):931–937.e2, discussion 938–939 doi:10.​1016/​j.​jamcollsurg.​2008.​11.​019.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens RG, Jones DY, Micozzi MS, Taylor PR. Body iron stores and the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(16):1047–52.CrossRefPubMed Stevens RG, Jones DY, Micozzi MS, Taylor PR. Body iron stores and the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(16):1047–52.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson RL, Davis FG, Sutter E, Sobin LH, Kikendall JW, Bowen P. Body iron stores and risk of colonic neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86(6):455–60.CrossRefPubMed Nelson RL, Davis FG, Sutter E, Sobin LH, Kikendall JW, Bowen P. Body iron stores and risk of colonic neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86(6):455–60.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wurzelmann JI, Silver A, Schreinemachers DM, Sandler RS, Everson RB. Iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive. Oncology. 1996;5(7):503–7. Wurzelmann JI, Silver A, Schreinemachers DM, Sandler RS, Everson RB. Iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive. Oncology. 1996;5(7):503–7.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, McCullough ML, Jacobs EJ, Flanders WD, Rodriguez C, Sinha R, Calle EE. Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. JAMA. 2005;293(2):172–82.CrossRefPubMed Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, McCullough ML, Jacobs EJ, Flanders WD, Rodriguez C, Sinha R, Calle EE. Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. JAMA. 2005;293(2):172–82.CrossRefPubMed
15.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgren G, Reilly M, Hjalgrim H, Tran TN, Rostgaard K, Adami J, Titlestad K, Shanwell A, Melbye M, Nyren O. Donation frequency, iron loss, and risk of cancer among blood donors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(8):572–9.CrossRefPubMed Edgren G, Reilly M, Hjalgrim H, Tran TN, Rostgaard K, Adami J, Titlestad K, Shanwell A, Melbye M, Nyren O. Donation frequency, iron loss, and risk of cancer among blood donors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(8):572–9.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Brookes MJ, Hughes S, Turner FE, Reynolds G, Sharma N, Ismail T, Berx G, McKie AT, Hotchin N, Anderson GJ, et al. Modulation of iron transport proteins in human colorectal carcinogenesis. Gut. 2006;55(10):1449–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brookes MJ, Hughes S, Turner FE, Reynolds G, Sharma N, Ismail T, Berx G, McKie AT, Hotchin N, Anderson GJ, et al. Modulation of iron transport proteins in human colorectal carcinogenesis. Gut. 2006;55(10):1449–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Brookes MJ, Boult J, Roberts K, Cooper BT, Hotchin NA, Matthews G, Iqbal T, Tselepis C. A role for iron in Wnt signalling. Oncogene. 2008;27(7):966–75.CrossRefPubMed Brookes MJ, Boult J, Roberts K, Cooper BT, Hotchin NA, Matthews G, Iqbal T, Tselepis C. A role for iron in Wnt signalling. Oncogene. 2008;27(7):966–75.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Radulescu S, Brookes MJ, Salgueiro P, Ridgway RA, McGhee E, Anderson K, Ford SJ, Stones DH, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C, et al. Luminal iron levels govern intestinal tumorigenesis after Apc loss in vivo. Cell Rep. 2012;2(2):270–82.CrossRefPubMed Radulescu S, Brookes MJ, Salgueiro P, Ridgway RA, McGhee E, Anderson K, Ford SJ, Stones DH, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C, et al. Luminal iron levels govern intestinal tumorigenesis after Apc loss in vivo. Cell Rep. 2012;2(2):270–82.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Seril DN, Liao J, Ho KL, Warsi A, Yang CS, Yang GY. Dietary iron supplementation enhances DSS-induced colitis and associated colorectal carcinoma development in mice. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47(6):1266–78.CrossRefPubMed Seril DN, Liao J, Ho KL, Warsi A, Yang CS, Yang GY. Dietary iron supplementation enhances DSS-induced colitis and associated colorectal carcinoma development in mice. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47(6):1266–78.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Seril DN, Liao J, Yang CS, Yang GY. Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(4):696–707.CrossRefPubMed Seril DN, Liao J, Yang CS, Yang GY. Systemic iron supplementation replenishes iron stores without enhancing colon carcinogenesis in murine models of ulcerative colitis: comparison with iron-enriched diet. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(4):696–707.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Lund EK, Wharf SG, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson IT. Oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(2):250–5.PubMed Lund EK, Wharf SG, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson IT. Oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(2):250–5.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu Q, Gao R, Wu W, Qin H. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol. 2013;34(3):1285–300.CrossRefPubMed Zhu Q, Gao R, Wu W, Qin H. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol. 2013;34(3):1285–300.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsuki T, Watanabe K, Fujimoto J, Takada T, Tanaka R. Use of 16S rRNA gene-targeted group-specific primers for real-time PCR analysis of predominant bacteria in human feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70(12):7220–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Matsuki T, Watanabe K, Fujimoto J, Takada T, Tanaka R. Use of 16S rRNA gene-targeted group-specific primers for real-time PCR analysis of predominant bacteria in human feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70(12):7220–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ott SJ, Musfeldt M, Ullmann U, Hampe J, Schreiber S. Quantification of intestinal bacterial populations by real-time PCR with a universal primer set and minor groove binder probes: a global approach to the enteric flora. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(6):2566–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ott SJ, Musfeldt M, Ullmann U, Hampe J, Schreiber S. Quantification of intestinal bacterial populations by real-time PCR with a universal primer set and minor groove binder probes: a global approach to the enteric flora. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(6):2566–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sobhani I, Tap J, Roudot-Thoraval F, Roperch JP, Letulle S, Langella P, Corthier G, Tran Van Nhieu J, Furet JP. Microbial dysbiosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. PLOS ONE. 2011;6(1):e16393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sobhani I, Tap J, Roudot-Thoraval F, Roperch JP, Letulle S, Langella P, Corthier G, Tran Van Nhieu J, Furet JP. Microbial dysbiosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. PLOS ONE. 2011;6(1):e16393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Gold JS, Bayar S, Salem RR. Association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia and extracolonic malignancy. Arch Surg. 2004;139(7):760–5.CrossRefPubMed Gold JS, Bayar S, Salem RR. Association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia and extracolonic malignancy. Arch Surg. 2004;139(7):760–5.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore WE, Moore LH. Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995;61(9):3202–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Moore WE, Moore LH. Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995;61(9):3202–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Huycke MM, Gaskins HR. Commensal bacteria, redox stress, and colorectal cancer: mechanisms and models. Exp Biol Med. 2004;229(7):586–97. Huycke MM, Gaskins HR. Commensal bacteria, redox stress, and colorectal cancer: mechanisms and models. Exp Biol Med. 2004;229(7):586–97.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science. 2012;336(6086):1262–7.CrossRefPubMed Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science. 2012;336(6086):1262–7.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Keefe SJ, Chung D, Mahmoud N, Sepulveda AR, Manafe M, Arch J, Adada H, van der Merwe T. Why do African Americans get more colon cancer than Native Africans? J Nutr. 2007;137(1 Suppl):175S–182S.PubMed O’Keefe SJ, Chung D, Mahmoud N, Sepulveda AR, Manafe M, Arch J, Adada H, van der Merwe T. Why do African Americans get more colon cancer than Native Africans? J Nutr. 2007;137(1 Suppl):175S–182S.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowland IR, Bearne CA, Fischer R, Pool-Zobel BL. The effect of lactulose on DNA damage induced by DMH in the colon of human flora-associated rats. Nutr Cancer. 1996;26(1):37–47.CrossRefPubMed Rowland IR, Bearne CA, Fischer R, Pool-Zobel BL. The effect of lactulose on DNA damage induced by DMH in the colon of human flora-associated rats. Nutr Cancer. 1996;26(1):37–47.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat McIntosh GH, Royle PJ, Playne MJ. A probiotic strain of L. acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Cancer. 1999;35(2):153–9.CrossRefPubMed McIntosh GH, Royle PJ, Playne MJ. A probiotic strain of L. acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Cancer. 1999;35(2):153–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kot E, Bezkorovainy A. Binding of ferric iron to the cell walls and membranes of Bifidobacterium thermophilum: effect of free radicals. J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47(11):4606–10.CrossRefPubMed Kot E, Bezkorovainy A. Binding of ferric iron to the cell walls and membranes of Bifidobacterium thermophilum: effect of free radicals. J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47(11):4606–10.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lidbeck A, Nord CE, Gustafsson JA, Rafter J. Lactobacilli, anticarcinogenic activities and human intestinal microflora. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1992;1(5):341–53.CrossRefPubMed Lidbeck A, Nord CE, Gustafsson JA, Rafter J. Lactobacilli, anticarcinogenic activities and human intestinal microflora. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1992;1(5):341–53.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Vipperla K, O’Keefe SJ. The microbiota and its metabolites in colonic mucosal health and cancer risk. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(5):624–35.CrossRefPubMed Vipperla K, O’Keefe SJ. The microbiota and its metabolites in colonic mucosal health and cancer risk. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(5):624–35.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Klimesova K, Kverka M, Zakostelska Z, Hudcovic T, Hrncir T, Stepankova R, Rossmann P, Ridl J, Kostovcik M, Mrazek J, et al. Altered gut microbiota promotes colitis-associated cancer in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M‑deficient mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(6):1266–77.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klimesova K, Kverka M, Zakostelska Z, Hudcovic T, Hrncir T, Stepankova R, Rossmann P, Ridl J, Kostovcik M, Mrazek J, et al. Altered gut microbiota promotes colitis-associated cancer in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M‑deficient mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(6):1266–77.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Engle SJ, Ormsby I, Pawlowski S, Boivin GP, Croft J, Balish E, Doetschman T. Elimination of colon cancer in germ-free transforming growth factor beta 1‑deficient mice. Cancer Res. 2002;62(22):6362–6.PubMed Engle SJ, Ormsby I, Pawlowski S, Boivin GP, Croft J, Balish E, Doetschman T. Elimination of colon cancer in germ-free transforming growth factor beta 1‑deficient mice. Cancer Res. 2002;62(22):6362–6.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews SC, Robinson AK, Rodriguez-Quinones F. Bacterial iron homeostasis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2003;27(2–3):215–37.CrossRefPubMed Andrews SC, Robinson AK, Rodriguez-Quinones F. Bacterial iron homeostasis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2003;27(2–3):215–37.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinberg ED. The Lactobacillus anomaly: total iron abstinence. Perspect Biol Med. 1997;40(4):578–83.CrossRefPubMed Weinberg ED. The Lactobacillus anomaly: total iron abstinence. Perspect Biol Med. 1997;40(4):578–83.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V, Keller C, Taudorf S, Pedersen BK, Ganz T. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(9):1271–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nemeth E, Rivera S, Gabayan V, Keller C, Taudorf S, Pedersen BK, Ganz T. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(9):1271–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann MB, Chassard C, Rohner F, N’Goran EK, Nindjin C, Dostal A, Utzinger J, Ghattas H, Lacroix C, Hurrell RF. The effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiota in African children: a randomized controlled trial in Cote d’Ivoire. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(6):1406–15.CrossRefPubMed Zimmermann MB, Chassard C, Rohner F, N’Goran EK, Nindjin C, Dostal A, Utzinger J, Ghattas H, Lacroix C, Hurrell RF. The effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiota in African children: a randomized controlled trial in Cote d’Ivoire. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(6):1406–15.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaeggi T, Kortman GA, Moretti D, Chassard C, Holding P, Dostal A, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Swinkels DW, Tjalsma H, et al. Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants. Gut. 2015;64(5):731–42.CrossRefPubMed Jaeggi T, Kortman GA, Moretti D, Chassard C, Holding P, Dostal A, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Swinkels DW, Tjalsma H, et al. Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants. Gut. 2015;64(5):731–42.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Dostal A, Fehlbaum S, Chassard C, Zimmermann MB, Lacroix C. Low iron availability in continuous in vitro colonic fermentations induces strong dysbiosis of the child gut microbial consortium and a decrease in main metabolites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2013;83(1):161–75.CrossRefPubMed Dostal A, Fehlbaum S, Chassard C, Zimmermann MB, Lacroix C. Low iron availability in continuous in vitro colonic fermentations induces strong dysbiosis of the child gut microbial consortium and a decrease in main metabolites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2013;83(1):161–75.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Dostal A, Chassard C, Hilty FM, Zimmermann MB, Jaeggi T, Rossi S, Lacroix C. Iron depletion and repletion with ferrous sulfate or electrolytic iron modifies the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota in rats. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):271–7.CrossRefPubMed Dostal A, Chassard C, Hilty FM, Zimmermann MB, Jaeggi T, Rossi S, Lacroix C. Iron depletion and repletion with ferrous sulfate or electrolytic iron modifies the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota in rats. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):271–7.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Tompkins GR, O’Dell NL, Bryson IT, Pennington CB. The effects of dietary ferric iron and iron deprivation on the bacterial composition of the mouse intestine. Curr Microbiol. 2001;43(1):38–42.CrossRefPubMed Tompkins GR, O’Dell NL, Bryson IT, Pennington CB. The effects of dietary ferric iron and iron deprivation on the bacterial composition of the mouse intestine. Curr Microbiol. 2001;43(1):38–42.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Buhnik-Rosenblau K, Moshe-Belizowski S, Danin-Poleg Y, Meyron-Holtz EG. Genetic modification of iron metabolism in mice affects the gut microbiota. Biometals. 2012;25(5):883–92.CrossRefPubMed Buhnik-Rosenblau K, Moshe-Belizowski S, Danin-Poleg Y, Meyron-Holtz EG. Genetic modification of iron metabolism in mice affects the gut microbiota. Biometals. 2012;25(5):883–92.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Werner T, Wagner SJ, Martinez I, Walter J, Chang JS, Clavel T, Kisling S, Schuemann K, Haller D. Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn’s disease-like ileitis. Gut. 2011;60(3):325–33.CrossRefPubMed Werner T, Wagner SJ, Martinez I, Walter J, Chang JS, Clavel T, Kisling S, Schuemann K, Haller D. Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn’s disease-like ileitis. Gut. 2011;60(3):325–33.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, et al. Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2016; doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, et al. Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2016; doi:10.​1136/​gutjnl-2015-309940.
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, Birgegard G, Danese S, Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Iqbal T, Katsanos K, Koutroubakis I, et al. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(3):211–22.CrossRefPubMed Dignass AU, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, Birgegard G, Danese S, Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Iqbal T, Katsanos K, Koutroubakis I, et al. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(3):211–22.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Iron, microbiota and colorectal cancer
verfasst von
Oliver Ng
Publikationsdatum
30.08.2016
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 13-14/2016
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-016-0508-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 13-14/2016

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 13-14/2016 Zur Ausgabe