Background
Methods
Setting
Data sources and variables
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Overall admittance: a dichotomous (yes/no) variable defined as any personal contact with SPC (inpatient, home visit, outpatient or palliative care team visits to inpatients at non-SPC departments). For patients with more than one contact the information from the first contact was included.
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Institution type specific admittance: Overall admittance subdivided after type, i.e., hospital-based palliative care team/unit, hospice or both.
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Explanatory variables: sex, age at the time of death grouped as: 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80+ years, and cancer diagnosis coded using ICD-10 (Table 1).Table 1The characteristics of the study population overall and institution type specific admittanceNOverall admittance to SPCAdmittance to hospital-based palliative care team/unitAdmittance to HospiceAdmittance to both hospital-based palliative care team/unit and hospice(%)%%%%All cancer diagnoses44,548 (100)37.426.817.36.8SexMen23,312 (52.3)35.526.814.76.0Women21,236 (47.7)39.526.820.27.8Age (years)18–39406 (0.9)65.052.230.517.740–491,353 (3.0)59.746.329.316.050–594,521 (10.2)51.139.222.810.860–6911,221 (25.2)44.332.520.38.570–7913,870 (31.1)36.725.916.96.180+13,177 (29.6)24.315.911.73.3Diagnosis (cancer site)Oral cavity, nasopharyngeal (etc.) (C00-C14)998 (2.2)37.730.016.28.5Oesophageal (C15)1,101 (2.5)43.032.517.36.8Stomach (C16)1,285 (2.9)47.635.422.09.9Small intestine (C17)162 (0.4)40.130.917.38.0Colorectal (C18–C20)5,649 (12.7)36.025.916.76.6Liver (etc.) (C22)845 (1.9)34.724.614.03.9Pancreatic (C25)2,473 (5.6)49.434.922.68.1Laryngeal (C32)280 (0.6)29.622.512.95.7Tracheal, bronchial and lung (C33–C34)10,338 (23.2)39.528.218.47.1Melanoma skin cancer (C43)774 (1.7)45.131.723.19.7Sarcoma (C46–C49)326 (0.7)54.940.825.811.7Breast (C50)3,618 (8.1)37.325.918.36.9Cervical (C53)301 (0.7)45.231.626.312.6Uterine (C54–55)499 (1.1)42.129.120.27.2Ovarian (etc.) (C56,C570–C574)1,109 (2.5)49.933.327.711.1Prostate (C61)3,512 (7.9)33.927.712.66.4Testicular (C62)39 (0.1)30.828.212.810.3Kidney (etc.) (C64–C66)991 (2.2)44.433.518.87.9Bladder (C67)1,378 (3.1)32.324.213.45.4Brain/central nervous system (C70–C71, C751–C753)a1,407 (3.2)40.926.022.37.4Thyroid (C73)114 (0.3)45.632.521.17.9Unknown primary cancer (C76–C80)1,802 (4.1)32.421.615.85.1Hodgkin disease (C81)58 (0.1)19.013.810.35.2Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82-C85)814 (1.8)20.211.711.43.0Multiple myeloma (C 90)635 (1.4)20.614.09.32.7Leukemia (C91–C95)1,200 (2.7)15.38.47.91.1Other cancer (all other C codes)2,840 (6.4)29.921.413.85.3
Population/sample
Data analysis
Results
Sex
Overall admittance to SPC | Admittance to hospital-based palliative care team/unit | Admittance to hospice | Admittance to both hospital-based palliative care team/unit and hospice | |
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OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Sex | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.033) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) |
Women | 1.23 (1.17–1.28) | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) | 1.45 (1.37–1.54) | 1.34 (1.23–1.47) |
Men | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Age (years) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) |
18–39 | 6.44 (5.19–7.99) | 6.81 (5.53–8.38) | 3.17 (2.54–3.97) | 6.73 (5.08–8.93) |
40–49 | 4.60 (4.09–5.18) | 4.80 (4.26–5.41) | 2.90 (2.54–3.31) | 5.64 (4.72–6.74) |
50–59 | 3.22 (3.00–3.47) | 3.48 (3.22–3.76) | 2.13 (1.94–2.32) | 3.63 (3.16–4.17) |
60–69 | 2.46 (2.32–2.60) | 2.56 (2.41–2.73) | 1.89 (1.76–2.03) | 2.80 (2.49–3.16) |
70–79 | 1.80 (1.70–1.89) | 1.86 (1.75–1.97) | 1.52 (1.42–1.64) | 1.97 (1.74–2.22) |
80+ | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Diagnosis (cancer site) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) | (P < 0.001) |
Oral cavity, nasopharyngeal (etc.) (C00–C14) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 1.23 (0.97–1.55) |
Oesophageal (C15) | 1.34 (1.18–1.52) | 1.36 (1.19–1.56) | 1.09 (0.93–1.29) | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) |
Stomach (C16) | 1.69 (1.50–1.90) | 1.63 (1.44–1.85) | 1.50 (1.30–1.73) | 1.67 (1.37–2.04) |
Small intestine (C17) | 1.23 (0.89–1.68) | 1.34 (0.96–1.87) | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 1.31 (0.75–2.29) |
Colorectal (C18–C20) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | 1.16 (1.07–1.26) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) |
Liver (etc.) (C22) | 0.92 (0.80–1.07) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.59 (0.42–0.84) |
Pancreatic (C25) | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 1.59 (1.44–1.75) | 1.47 (1.31–1.64) | 1.31 (1.11–1.54) |
Laryngeal (C32) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) |
Tracheal, bronchial and lung (C33–C34) | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) |
Melanoma skin cancer (C43) | 1.46 (1.26–1.69) | 1.31 (1.12–1.54) | 1.52 (1.28–1.81) | 1.53 (1.19–1.96) |
Sarcoma (C46–C49) | 1.90 (1.52–2.38) | 1.74 (1.39–2.19) | 1.54 (1.20–1.98) | 1.58 (1.12–2.23) |
Breast (C50) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) |
Cervical (C53) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 1.30 (1.00–1.69) | 1.43 (1.01–2.03) |
Uterine (C54–55) | 1.35 (1.13–1.62) | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) |
Ovarian (etc.) (C56,C570–C574) | 1.57 (1.38–1.78) | 1.38 (1.20–1.58) | 1.56 (1.35–1.80) | 1.52 (1.23–1.86) |
Prostate (C61) | 1.32 (1.21–1.44) | 1.54 (1.40–1.69) | 1.04 (0.93–1.18) | 1.58 (1.34–1.87) |
Testicular (C62) | 0.50 (0.26–0.99) | 0.68 (0.34–1.37) | 0.63 (0.25–1.56) | 1.11 (0.40–3.06) |
Kidney (etc.) (C64–C66) | 1.46 (1.28–1.66) | 1.49 (1.30–1.71) | 1.19 (1.01–1.40) | 1.28 (1.01–1.63) |
Bladder (C67) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) |
Brain/CNS (C70–C71, C751–C753)a
| 1.05 (0.98–1.17) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 1.30 (1.13–1.49) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) |
Thyroid (C73) | 1.54 (1.07–2.22) | 1.49 (1.01–2.20) | 1.29 (0.83–2.00) | 1.25 (0.64–2.43) |
Unknown primary cancer (C76–C80) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) |
Hodgkin disease (C81) | 0.33 (0.17–0.63) | 0.37 (0.18–0.77) | 0.52 (0.23–1.17) | 0.65 (0.21–2.03) |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–C85) | 0.49 (0.42–0.60) | 0.41 (0.33–0.51) | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.50 (0.33–0.74) |
Multiple myeloma (C 90) | 0.50 (0.42–0.61) | 0.52 (0.42–0.65) | 0.55 (0.42–0.72) | 0.46 (0.28–0.73) |
Leukemia (C91–C95) | 0.34 (0.29–0.40) | 0.29 (0.23–0.35) | 0.47 (0.38–0.58) | 0.18 (0.10–0.30) |
Other cancer (all other C codes) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.90 (0,80–1,02) | 0.99 (0,83–1,19) |
Average of all diagnoses | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |