Background
Methods
Study population and design
Collection of information
a) General and anthropometric characteristics
b) Blood pressure, HOMA index and blood lipids
Analysis
Results
a) Characteristics of the study population
Variable | Total | Men | Women |
p *
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n=999) | (n=437) | (n=562) | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 24.8 | 1.6 | 24.9 | 1.6 | 24.7 | 1.6 | 0.022 |
Full time education (years) | 11.1 | 2.8 | 10.9 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 2.7 | 0.033 |
Number of belongings | 1.5 | 0.95 | 1.44 | 0.96 | 1.54 | 0.95 | 0.118 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 | 4.5 | 25.3 | 3.7 | 26.2 | 5.0 | 0.002 |
WC (cm) | 83.9 | 11.3 | 85.1 | 9.6 | 83.0 | 12.5 | 0.003 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 114.6 | 13.5 | 123.5 | 11.4 | 107.8 | 10.7 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.5 | 8.8 | 75.7 | 8.4 | 70.0 | 8.3 | < 0.001 |
HOMA | 2.53 | 1.58 | 2.59 | 1.84 | 2.48 | 1.34 | 0.276 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 178.3 | 38.4 | 175.6 | 36.0 | 180.5 | 40.0 | 0.047 |
HDL (mg/dl) | 41.4 | 11.7 | 39.5 | 11.1 | 42.9 | 11.9 | < 0.001 |
LDL (mg/dl) | 114.6 | 35.6 | 111.1 | 33.4 | 117.3 | 37.1 | 0.007 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 112.5 | 69.4 | 125.3 | 81.7 | 102.5 | 56.2 | < 0.001 |
Variable
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
p
†
| |||
Smoking | 57.8 | 66.8 | 50.7 | < 0.001 | |||
Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg | 4.3 | 8.9 | 0.7 | < 0.001 | |||
Diastolic blood pressure≥90 mm Hg | 3.4 | 5.3 | 2.0 | 0.004 | |||
HOMA ≥2.53 | 34.5 | 35.7 | 33.6 | 0.495 | |||
Total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl | 25.9 | 24.9 | 26.7 | 0.812 | |||
HDL ≤40 mg/dl | 49 | 55.1 | 44.3 | 0.003 | |||
LDL ≥160 mg/dl | 10.4 | 7.8 | 12.5 | 0.056 | |||
Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl | 17.6 | 22.4 | 13.9 | < 0.001 |
b) Results from multiple linear regression analyses
βcoefficient (95 % CI)a
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | HOMA | Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | HDL (mg/dl) | LDL (mg/dl) | |
BMI only in the model
| ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.14 | 1.4 | −0.7 | 1.0 |
(0.6 to 0.9) | (0.5 to 0.8) | (0.12 to 0.16) | (0.9 to 1.9) | (−0.8 to −0.5) | (0.5 to 1.5) | |
RBMI
2
b
| 0.058 | 0.109 | 0.156 | 0.025 | 0.068 | 0.016 |
WC only in the model
| ||||||
WC (cm) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.5 | −0.3 | 0.4 |
(0.2 to 0.3) | (0.2 to 0.3) | (0.05 to 0.06) | (0.3 to 0.8) | (−0.4 to −0.2) | (0.2 to 0.6) | |
RWC
2
c
| 0.049 | 0.098 | 0.156 | 0.025 | 0.081 | 0.016 |
BMI and WC included in the model
| ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.07 | 0.7 | −0.002 | 0.5 |
(0.3 to 1.0) | (0.3 to 0.8) | (0.02 to 0.12) | (−0.6 to 2.0) | (−0.4 to 0.4) | (−0.7 to 1.7) | |
RBMI
2
b
| 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0 | 0 |
WC (cm) | 0.03 | 0,1 | 0.03 | 0.3 | −0.3 | 0.2 |
(−0.1 to 0.2) | (−0.05 to 0.2) | (0.01 to 0.05) | (−0.2 to 0.8) | (−0.4 to −0.1) | (−0.3 to 0.7) | |
RWC
2
c
| 0 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.013 | 0.001 |
β coefficient (95 % CI) | ||
---|---|---|
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | ||
Women | Men | |
BMI only in the model
| ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 4.2 | 7.3 |
(3.4 to 5.1) | (5.3 to 9.3) | |
RBMI
2
a
| 0.140 | 0.107 |
WC only in the model
| ||
WC (cm) | 1.8 | 3.0 |
(1.4 to 2.1) | (2.2 to 3.7) | |
RWC
2
b
| 0.150 | 0.120 |
BMI and WC included in the model
| ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.4 | 1.7 |
(−0.8 to 3.5) | (−2.9 to 6.3) | |
RBMI
2
a
| 0.002 | 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 1.3 | 2.4 |
(0.4 to 2.1) | (0.6 to 4.1) | |
RWC
2
b
| 0.012 | 0.013 |