nach oben

Erschienen in:

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

27. Ischämie des vorderen Kreislaufs

verfasst von : Peter Ringleb, Prof. Dr., Peter Schellinger, Prof. Dr., Stefan Schwab, Prof. Dr., Roland Veltkamp, Prof. Dr., M.D., FESO, Solveig Horstmann, Dr., Martin Köhrmann, PD Dr.

Erschienen in: NeuroIntensiv

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel werden die klassischen intensivneurologischen Techniken, aber auch krankheitsspezifische Aspekte erläutert. Schwerpunkte sind hier die Lysetherapie – systemisch wie endovaskulär – und neue katheterbasierte Techniken. Weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die Therapie schwerer bis schwerster Schlaganfälle mit Hypothermie und neurochirurgischen Techniken wie der dekompressiven Kraniektomie. Gerade seltenere Ursachen von Schlaganfällen finden sich häufiger bei schwer betroffenen Patienten, dem trägt ein eigenes Unterkapitel Rechnung.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rtPA Study Group (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333:1581–1587CrossRef

Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, Tilley BC, Morgenstern LB, Lu M, Broderick JP, Lewandowski CA, Marler JR, Levine SR, Brott T (1999) Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. N Engl J Med 340:1781–1787PubMedCrossRef

Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Brozman M, Davalos A, Guidetti D, Larrue V, Lees KR, Medeghri Z, Machnig T, Schneider D, von Kummer R, Wahlgren N, Toni D (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 359:1317–1329PubMedCrossRef

Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, Brott TG, Toni D, Grotta JC, Albers GW, Kaste M, Marler JR, Hamilton SA, Tilley BC, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Hacke W, Allen K, Mau J, Meier D, del Zoppo G, De Silva DA, Butcher KS, Parsons MW, Barber PA, Levi C, Bladin C, Byrnes G (2010) Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: An updated pooled analysis of ecass, atlantis, ninds, and epithet trials. Lancet 375:1695–1703PubMedCrossRef

Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, Ford GA, Grond M, Hacke W, Hennerici MG, Kaste M, Kuelkens S, Larrue V, Lees KR, Roine RO, Soinne L, Toni D, Vanhooren G (2007) Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke-monitoring study (sits-most): An observational study. Lancet 369:275–282PubMedCrossRef

Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Eriksson N, Aichner F, Bluhmki E, Davalos A, Erila T, Ford GA, Grond M, Hacke W, Hennerici MG, Kaste M, Kohrmann M, Larrue V, Lees KR, Machnig T, Roine RO, Toni D, Vanhooren G (2008) Multivariable analysis of outcome predictors and adjustment of main outcome results to baseline data profile in randomized controlled trials: Safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke-monitoring study (sits-most). Stroke 39:3316–3322PubMedCrossRef

Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI, Dennis M, Cohen G, Murray G, Innes K, Venables G, Czlonkowska A, Kobayashi A, Ricci S, Murray V, Berge E, Slot KB, Hankey GJ, Correia M, Peeters A, Matz K, Lyrer P, Gubitz G, Phillips SJ, Arauz A (2012) The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 379:2352–2363 (for the IST-3 Group)PubMedCrossRef

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders Stroke rtPA Stroke Study Group (2005) Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Minor Strokes: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rtPA Stroke Study Experience. Ann Emerg Med 46:243–252CrossRef

Baumann CR, Baumgartner RW, Gandjour J, von Buedingen CH, Siegel AM, Georgiadis D (2006) Good Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients Who Receive Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Despite Significant Improvement of Symptoms. Stroke 37:1332–1333PubMedCrossRef

10.

Tanne D, Gorman MJ, Bates VE, Kasner SE, Scott P, Verro P, Binder JR, Dayno JM, Schultz LR, Levine SR (2000) Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 80 years and older : the tPA stroke survey experience. Stroke 31:370–375PubMedCrossRef

11.

Patel SC, Levine SR, Tilley BC, Grotta JC, Lu M, Frankel M, Haley ECJ, Brott TG, Broderick JP, Horowitz S, Lyden, Lewandowski CA, Marler JR, Welch KMA (2001) Lack of clinical significance of early ischemic changes on computed tomography in acute ischemic stroke. JAMA 286:2830–2838 (for the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rtPA Stroke Study Group)PubMedCrossRef

12.

Mishra NK, Diener HC, Lyden PD, Bluhmki E, Lees KR (2010) Influence of age on outcome from thrombolysis in acute stroke. A controlled comparison in patients from the virtual international stroke trials archive (vista). Stroke 41:2840–2848PubMedCrossRef

13.

Schellinger PD, Jansen O, Fiebach JB, Pohlers O, Ryssel H, Heiland S, Steiner T, Hacke W, Sartor K (2000) Feasibility and practicality of mr imaging of stroke in the managment of hyperacute cerebral ischemia. American Journal of Neuroradiology 21:1184–1189PubMed

14.

Thomalla G, Ringleb P, Köhrmann M, Schellinger PD (2009) Patientenauswahl zur Thrombolyse mittels Perfusions- und Diffusions-MRT. Aktuelle Datenlage Nervenarzt 80:119–129CrossRef

15.

Schellinger, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, Köhrmann M, Molina CA, Neumann-Haefelin T, Ribo M, Singer OC, Zaro-Weber O, Sobesky J (2007) MRI-based and CT-based thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke within and beyond established time windows: an analysis of 1210 patients. Stroke 38:2640–2645PubMedCrossRef

16.

Albers GW, Thijs VN, Wechsler L, Kemp S, Schlaug G, Skalabrin E, Bammer R, Kakuda W, Lansberg MG, Shuaib A, Coplin W, Hamilton S, Moseley M, Marks MP (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging profiles predict clinical response to early reperfusion: the diffusion and perfusion imaging evaluation for understanding stroke evolution (DEFUSE) study. Ann Neurol 60:508–517PubMedCrossRef

17.

Kakuda W, Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, Kemp SM, Bammer R, Wechsler LR, Moseley ME, Marks MP, Albers GW (2008) Optimal definition for PWI/DWI mismatch in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:887–891PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

18.

Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Levi C, Butcher KS, Peeters A, Barber PA, Bladin C, De Silva DA, Byrnes G, Chalk JB, Fink JN, Kimber TE, Schultz D, Hand PJ, Frayne J, Hankey G, Muir K, Gerraty R, Tress BM, Desmond PM (2008) Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 7:299–309PubMedCrossRef

19.

Hacke W, Furlan AJ, Al-Rawi Y, Davalos A, Fiebach JB, Gruber F, Kaste M, Lipka LJ, Pedraza S, Ringleb PA, Rowley HA, Schneider D, Schwamm LH, Leal JS, Söhngen M, Teal PA, Wilhelm-Ogunbiyi K, Wintermark M, Warach S (2009) Intravenous desmoteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke selected by MRI perfusion-diffusion weighted imaging or perfusion CT (DIAS-2): a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol 8:141–150PubMedCrossRef

20.

Mishra NK, Albers GW, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Furlan AJ, Hacke W, Lees KR (2010) Mismatch-based delayed thrombolysis: a meta-analysis. Stroke 41:e25–33PubMedCrossRef

21.

Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, Pessin M, Ahuja A, Callahan F, Clark WM, Silver F, Rivera F (1999) Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 282:2003–2011 (for the PROACT Investigators)PubMedCrossRef

22.

Arnold M, Schroth G, Nedeltchev K, Loher T, Remonda L, Stepper F, Sturzenegger M, Mattle HP (2002) Intra-arterial thrombolysis in 100 patients with acute stroke due to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 33:1828–1833PubMedCrossRef

23.

Rha JH, Saver JL (2007) The impact of recanalization on ischemic stroke outcome: a meta-analysis. Stroke 38:967–973PubMedCrossRef

24.

Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R, Jovin TG, Albers GW, Walker GA, Liebeskind DS, Smith WS, Trialists T (2012) Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): a randomised trial. Lancet 380:1231–1240PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

25.

Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy EI, Jovin TG, Baxter B, Nogueira RG, Clark W, Budzik R, Zaidat OO, Trialists S (2012) Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT): a randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 380:1241–1249PubMedCrossRef

26.

Novakovic RL, Toth G, Narayanan S, Zaidat OO (2012) Retrievable stents, ″stentrievers,″ for endovascular acute ischemic stroke therapy. Neurology 79:S148–157PubMedCrossRef

27.

Tomsick TA, Khatri P, Jovin T, Demaerschalk B, Malisch T, Demchuk A, Hill MD, Jauch E, Spilker J, Broderick JP (2010) Equipoise among recanalization strategies. Neurology 74:1069–1076PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

28.

Khatri P, Hill MD, Palesch YY, Spilker J, Jauch EC, Carrozzella JA, Demchuk AM, Martin R, Mauldin P, Dillon C, Ryckborst KJ, Janis S, Tomsick TA, Broderick JP (2008) Methodology of the Interventional Management of Stroke III Trial. Int J Stroke 3:130–137PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

29.

Lewandowski CA, Frankel M, Tomsick TA, Broderick J, Frey J, Clark W, Starkman S, Grotta J, Spilker J, Khoury J, Brott T (1999) Combined intravenous and intraarterial r-TPA versus intraarterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emerging Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial. Stroke 30:2598–2605PubMedCrossRef

30.

IMS Study Investigators (2004) Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke: the Interventional Management of Stroke Study. Stroke 35:904–911CrossRef

31.

IMS II Trial Investigators (2000) The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke 2007;38: 2127-35. Ernst R, Pancioli A, Tomsick T, Kissela B, Woo D, Kantner D, Jauch E, Carrozzella J, Spilker J, Broderick J. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 31: 2552–2557

32.

Zaidat O, Yoo AJ, Khatri P et al (2013) Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke 44:2650–2663PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

33.

Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D et al (2015) A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372:11-20PubMedCrossRef

34.

Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK et al (2015) Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med 379:119-1030

35.

Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ et al (2015) Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection. N Engl J Med 372:1009-1018 PubMedCrossRef

36.

Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A et al (2015) Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke. New Engl J Med 372:2285-2295PubMedCrossRef

37.

Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E et al (2015) Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke. New Engl J Med 372:2296-2306PubMedCrossRef

38.

Hacke W, Diener HC (2015) Mechanische Thrombektomie bei akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall: Wo stehen wir nach den jüngsten Studienergebnissen? Nervenarzt. 86:4319

39.

Daffertshofer M, Gass A, Ringleb P, Sitzer M, Sliwka U, Els T, Sedlaczek O, Koroshetz WJ, Hennerici MG (2005) Transcranial Low-Frequency Ultrasound-Mediated Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia: Increased Risk of Hemorrhage With Combined Ultrasound and Tissue Plasminogen Activator. Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Stroke 36:1441–1446PubMedCrossRef

40.

Alexandrov AV, Molina CA, Grotta JC, Garami Z, Ford SR, Alvarez-Sabin J, Montaner J, Saqqur M, Demchuk AM, Moyé LA, Hill MD, Wojner AW, CLOTBUST Investigators (2004) Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 351:2170–2178PubMedCrossRef

41.

Molina CA, Ribo M, Rubiera M, Montaner J, Santamarina E, Delgado-Mederos R, Arenillas JF, Huertas R, Purroy F, Delgado P, Alvarez-Sabin J (2006) Microbubble administration accelerates clot lysis during continuous 2-MHz ultrasound monitoring in stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 37:425–429PubMedCrossRef

42.

Molina CA, Barreto AD, Tsivgoulis G, Sierzenski P, Malkoff MD, Rubiera M, Gonzales N, Mikulik R, Pate G, Ostrem J, Singleton W, Manvelian G, Unger EC, Grotta JC, Schellinger PD, Alexandrov AV (2009) Transcranial ultrasound in clinical sonothrombolysis (TUCSON) trial. Ann Neurol 66:28–38PubMedCrossRef

43.

Abciximab Emergent Stroke Treatment Trial (AbESTT) Investigators (2005) Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of a randomized phase 2 trial. Stroke 36(4):880–890CrossRef

44.

Adams HP Jr., Effron MB, Torner J, Davalos A, Frayne J, Teal P, Leclerc J, Oemar B, Padgett L, Barnathan ES, Hacke W (2008) Emergency Administration of Abciximab for Treatment of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of an International Phase III Trial. Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 39:87–99PubMedCrossRef

45.

Seitz RJ, Hamzavi M, Junghans U, Ringleb PA, Schranz C, Siebler M (2003) Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and tirofiban in stroke. Preliminary observations. Stroke 34:1932–1935PubMedCrossRef

46.

Kellert L, Hametner C, Rohde S, Bendszus M, Hacke W, Ringleb P, Stampfl S (2013) Endovascular stroke therapy: tirofiban is associated with risk of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage and poor outcome. Stroke 44:1453–1455PubMedCrossRef

47.

Lampl Y, Zivin JA, Fisher M, Lew R, Welin L, Dahlof B, Borenstein P, Andersson B, Perez J, Caparo C, Ilic S, Oron U (2007) Infrared laser therapy for ischemic stroke: a new treatment strategy: results of the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial-1 (NEST-1). Stroke 38:1843–1849PubMedCrossRef

48.

Zivin JA, Albers GW, Bornstein N, Chippendale T, Dahlof B, Devlin T, Fisher M, Hacke W, Holt W, Ilic S, Kasner S, Lew R, Nash M, Perez J, Rymer M, Schellinger P, Schneider D, Schwab S, Veltkamp R, Walker M, Streeter J (2009) Effectiveness and Safety of Transcranial Laser Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 40:1359–1364PubMedCrossRef

49.

Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Baumgartner RW, Veltkamp R, Schwab S (2001) Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 32:2088–2092PubMedCrossRef

50.

Davalos A, Ricart W, Gonzalez-Huix F, Soler S, Marrugat J, Molins A, Suner R, Genis D (1996) Effect of malnutrition after acute stroke on clinical outcome. Stroke 27:1028–1032PubMedCrossRef

51.

Gariballa SE, Parker SG, Taub N, Castleden CM (1998) Influence of nutritional status on clinical outcome after acute stroke. Am J Clin Nutr 68:275–281PubMed

52.

Bardutzky J, Georgiadis D, Kollmar R, Schwab S (2004) Energy expenditure in ischemic stroke patients treated with moderate hypothermia. Intensive Care Med 30:151–154PubMedCrossRef

53.

Adams HP Jr., del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, Grubb RL, Higashida RT, Jauch EC, Kidwell C, Lyden PD, Morgenstern LB, Qureshi AI, Rosenwasser RH, Scott PA, Wijdicks EF (2007) Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 38:1655–1711PubMedCrossRef

54.

Writing Committee (2008) Guidelines for Management of Ischaemic Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis 25:457–507CrossRef

55.

Van Aken H, Puchstein C, Anger C, Lawin P (1983) The influence of urapidil, a new antihypertensive agent, on cerebral perfusion pressure in dogs with and without intracranial hypertension. Intensive Care Med 9:123–126PubMedCrossRef

56.

Tateishi A, Sano T, Takeshita H, Suzuki T, Tokuno H (1988) Effects of nifedipine on intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients with arterial hypertension. J Neurosurg 69:213–215PubMedCrossRef

57.

Ahmed N, Näsman P, Wahlgren NG (2000) Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke. Stroke 31:1250–1255PubMedCrossRef

58.

Patel RV, Ramadan NM, Levine SR, Welch KM, Fagan SC (1996) Effects of ramipril and enalapril on cerebral blood flow in elderly patients with asymptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 28:48–52PubMedCrossRef

59.

Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S, Okada K, Suyama N, Bokura K, Murao M (1992) The effect of enalapril maleate on cerebral blood flow in chronic cerebral infarction. Angiology 43:378–388PubMedCrossRef

60.

Lisk DR, Grotta JC, Lamki LM, Tran HD, Taylor JW, Molony DA, Barron BJ (1993) Should hypertension be treated after acute stroke? A randomized controlled trial using single photon emission computed tomography. Arch Neurol 50:855–862PubMedCrossRef

61.

Rordorf G, Koroshetz WJ, Ezzeddine MA, Segal AZ, Buonanno FS (2001) A pilot study of drug-induced hypertension for treatment of acute stroke. Neurology 56:1210–1213PubMedCrossRef

62.

Schwarz S, Georgiadis D, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Effects of induced hypertension on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion in patients with large hemispheric stroke. Stroke 33:998–1004PubMedCrossRef

63.

Marzan AS, Hungerbuhler HJ, Studer A, Baumgartner RW, Georgiadis D (2004) Feasibility and safety of norepinephrine-induced arterial hypertension in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 62:1193PubMedCrossRef

64.

Bardutzky J, Schwab S (2007) Antiedema therapy in ischemic stroke. Stroke 38:3084–3094PubMedCrossRef

65.

Schwarz S, Georgiadis D, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Effects of body position on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion in patients with large hemispheric stroke. Stroke 33:497–501PubMedCrossRef

66.

Manno EM, Adams RE, Derdeyn CP, Powers WJ, Diringer MN (1999) The effects of mannitol on cerebral edema after large hemispheric cerebral infarct. Neurology 52:583–587PubMedCrossRef

67.

Bereczki D, Fekete I, Prado GF, Liu M (2007) Mannitol for acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, CD001153

68.

Bereczki D, Mihalka L, Szatmari S, Fekete K, Di Cesar D, Fulesdi B, Csiba L, Fekete I (2003) Mannitol use in acute stroke: case fatality at 30 days and 1 year. Stroke 34:1730–1735PubMedCrossRef

69.

Steiner T, Pilz J, Schellinger P, Wirtz R, Friederichs V, Aschoff A, Hacke W (2001) Multimodal online monitoring in middle cerebral artery territory stroke. Stroke 32:2500–2506PubMedCrossRef

70.

Meyer JS, Itoh Y, Okamoto S, Welch KM, Mathew NT, Ott EO, Sakaki S, Miyakawa Y, Chabi E, Ericsson AD (1975) Circulatory and metabolic effects of glycerol infusion in patients with recent cerebral infarction. Circulation 51:701–712PubMedCrossRef

71.

Sakamaki M, Igarashi H, Nishiyama Y, Hagiwara H, Ando J, Chishiki T, Curran BC, Katayama Y (2003) Effect of glycerol on ischemic cerebral edema assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Sci 209:69–74PubMedCrossRef

72.

Righetti E, Celani MG, Cantisani T, Sterzi R, Boysen G, Ricci S (2004) Glycerol for acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 2:CD000096

73.

Schwarz S, Schwab S, Bertram M et al (1998) Effects of hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch solution and mannitol in patients with increased intracranial pressure after stroke. Stroke 29:1550–1555PubMedCrossRef

74.

Qureshi AI, Suarez JI, Bhardwaj A et al (1998) Use of hypertonic (3 %) saline/acetate infusion in the treatment of cerebral edema: Effect on intracranial pressure and lateral displacement of the brain. Crit Care Med 26:440–446PubMedCrossRef

75.

Schwarz S, Georgiadis D, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Effects of hypertonic (10 %) saline in patients with raised intracranial pressure after stroke. Stroke 33(1):136–140PubMedCrossRef

76.

Gaab MR, Seegers K, Smedema RJ, Heissler HE, Goetz C (1990) A comparative analysis of THAM (Tris-buffer) in traumatic brain oedema. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 51:320–323

77.

Wolf AL, Levi L, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Muizelaar PJ, Choi S, Young H, Rigamonti D, Robinson WL (1993) Effect of THAM upon outcome in severe head injury: a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Neurosurg 78:54–59PubMedCrossRef

78.

Jensen K, Ohrstrom J, Cold GE, Astrup J (1991) The effects of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in patients with severe head injury and intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 108:116–121CrossRef

79.

Biestro AA, Alberti RA, Soca AE, Cancela M, Puppo CB, Borovich B (1995) Use of indomethacin in brain-injured patients with cerebral perfusion pressure impairment: preliminary report. J Neurosurg 83:627–630PubMedCrossRef

80.

Schwab S, Spranger M, Schwarz S, Hacke W (1997) Barbiturate coma in severe hemispheric stroke: useful or obsolete? Neurology 48:1608–1613PubMedCrossRef

81.

Qizilbash N, Lewington SL, Lopez-Arrieta JM (2009) Corticosteroids for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Re 2009, CD000064

82.

Michenfelder JD, Milde JH (1977) Failure of prolonged hypocapnia, hypothermia, or hypertension to favorably alter acute stroke in primates. Stroke 8:87–91PubMedCrossRef

83.

Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Kontos HA, Choi SC, Becker DP, Gruemer H, Young HF (1991) Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 75:731–739PubMedCrossRef

84.

Gupta R, Connolly ES, Mayer S, Elkind MS (2004) Hemicraniectomy for massive middle cerebral artery territory infarction: A systematic review. Stroke 35:539–543PubMedCrossRef

85.

Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Jüttler E, Vicaut E, George B, Algra A, Amelink GJ, Schmiedeck P, Schwab S, Rothwell PM, Bousser MG, van der Worp HB, Hacke W, DECIMAL, DESTINY, and HAMLET investigators (2007) Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 6:215–222PubMedCrossRef

85a.

Jüttler E, Unterberg A, Woitzik J, Bosel J, Amiri H, Sakowitz OW, Gondan M, Schiller P, Limprecht R, Luntz S, Schneider H, Pinzer T, Hobohm C, Meixensberger J, Hacke W (2014) Inverstigators Dl. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. The New England journal of medicine. 370:1091–1100

86.

Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W (1998) Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 29:2461–2466PubMedCrossRef

87.

Schwab S, Georgiadis D, Berrouschot J, Schellinger PD, Graffangino C, Mayer SA (2001) Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction. Stroke 32:2033–2035PubMedCrossRef

88.

Krieger DW, De Georgia MA, Abou-Chebl A, Andrefsky JC, Sila CA, Katzan IL, Mayberg MR, Furlan AJ (2001) Cooling for acute ischemic brain damage (cool aid): an open pilot study of induced hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 32:1847–1854PubMedCrossRef

89.

Steiner T, Friede T, Aschoff A, Schellinger PD, Schwab S, Hacke W (2001) Effect and feasibility of controlled rewarming after moderate hypothermia in stroke patients with malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery. Stroke 32:2833–2835PubMedCrossRef

90.

Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Kollmar R, Schwab S (2001) Endovascular cooling for moderate hypothermia in patients with acute stroke: first results of a novel approach. Stroke 32:2550–2553PubMedCrossRef

91.

Guluma KZ, Hemmen TM, Olsen SE, Rapp KS, Lyden PD (2006) A trial of therapeutic hypothermia via endovascular approach in awake patients with acute ischemic stroke: Methodology. Acad Emerg Med 13:820–827PubMedCrossRef

92.

Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Aschoff A, Schwab S (2002) Hemicraniectomy and moderate hypothermia in patients with severe hemispheric stroke. Stroke 33:1584–1588PubMedCrossRef

93.

Debette S, Leys D (2009) Cervical-artery dissections: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Lancet Neurol 8:668–678PubMedCrossRef

94.

Lee VH, Brown RD Jr., Mandrekar JN, Mokri B (2006) Incidence and outcome of cervical artery dissection: a population-based study. Neurology 67:1809–1812PubMedCrossRef

95.

Leys D, Bandu L, Henon H, Lucas C, Mounier-Vehier F, Rondepierre P et al (2002) Clinical outcome in 287 consecutive young adults (15 to 45 years) with ischemic stroke. Neurology 59:26–33PubMedCrossRef

96.

Baumgartner RW, Arnold M, Baumgartner I, Mosso M, Gonner F, Studer A et al (2001) Carotid dissection with and without ischemic events: local symptoms and cerebral artery findings. Neurology 57:827–832PubMedCrossRef

97.

Fiebach J, Brandt T, Knauth M, Jansen O (1999) MRI with fat suppression in the visualization of wall hematoma in spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery. Rofo 171:290–293PubMedCrossRef

98.

Benninger DH, Georgiadis D, Gandjour J, Baumgartner RW (2006) Accuracy of color duplex ultrasound diagnosis of spontaneous carotid dissection causing ischemia. Stroke 37:377–381PubMedCrossRef

99.

Georgiadis D, Lanczik O, Schwab S, Engelter S, Sztajzel R, Arnold M et al (2005) IV thrombolysis in patients with acute stroke due to spontaneous carotid dissection. Neurology 64:1612–1614PubMedCrossRef

100.

Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis 25: 457–507

101.

Georgiadis D, Arnold M, von Buedingen HC, Valko P, Sarikaya H, Rousson V et al (2009) Aspirin vs anticoagulation in carotid artery dissection: a study of 298 patients. Neurology 72:1810–1815PubMedCrossRef

102.

Slovut DP, Olin JW (2004) Fibromuscular dysplasia. N Engl J Med 350:1862–1871PubMedCrossRef

103.

Lassiter FD (1998) The string-of-beads sign. Radiology 206:437–438PubMedCrossRef

104.

Olin JW, Pierce M (2008) Contemporary management of fibromuscular dysplasia. Curr Opin Cardiol 23:527–536PubMedCrossRef

105.

Suzuki J, Takaku A (1969) Cerebrovascular ″moyamoya″ disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. Arch Neurol 20:288–299PubMedCrossRef

106.

Kraemer M, Heienbrok W, Berlit P (2008) Moyamoya disease in Europeans. Stroke 39:3193–3200PubMedCrossRef

107.

Fukui M (1997) Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (’moyamoya’ disease). Research Committee on Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis (Moyamoya Disease) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 99(Suppl 2):238–240CrossRef

108.

Tournier-Lasserve E, Joutel A, Melki J, Weissenbach J, Lathrop GM, Chabriat H et al (1993) Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy maps to chromosome 19q12. Nat Genet 3:256–259PubMedCrossRef

109.

Razvi SS, Davidson R, Bone I, Muir KW (2005) The prevalence of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in the west of Scotland. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:739–741PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

110.

Chabriat H, Vahedi K, Iba-Zizen MT, Joutel A, Nibbio A, Nagy TG et al (1995) Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: a study of 7 families. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Lancet 346:934–939PubMedCrossRef

111.

Rolfs A, Bottcher T, Zschiesche M, Morris P, Winchester B, Bauer P et al (2005) Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with cryptogenic stroke: a prospective study. Lancet 366:1794–1796PubMedCrossRef

112.

Brady RO, Schiffmann R (2000) Clinical features of and recent advances in therapy for Fabry disease. JAMA 284:2771–2775PubMedCrossRef

113.

MacLaren K, Gillespie J, Shrestha S, Neary D, Ballardie FW (2005) Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: emerging variants. QJM 98:643–654PubMedCrossRef

114.

Demaerel P, De Ruyter N, Maes F, Velghe B, Wilms G (2004) Magnetic resonance angiography in suspected cerebral vasculitis. Eur Radiol 14:1005–1012PubMedCrossRef

115.

Alrawi A, Trobe JD, Blaivas M, Musch DC (1999) Brain biopsy in primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Neurology 53:858–860PubMedCrossRef

116.

Moore PM (1989) Diagnosis and management of isolated angiitis of the central nervous system. Neurology 39:67–173

117.

Siva A (2001) Vasculitis of the nervous system. J Neurology 248:451–468CrossRef

118.

Jacobi C, Lenhard T, Meyding-Lamadé U (2010) Vaskulitis des Nervensystems bei Infektionserkrankungen. Nervenarzt 81:172–180PubMedCrossRef

119.

Balfour HH Jr. (1999) Antiviral drugs. N Engl J Med 340:1255–1268PubMedCrossRef

120.

Gilden D, Cohrs RJ, Nagel MA (2009) Varicella zoster virus vasculopathies: diverse clinical manifestations, laboratory features, pathogenesis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 8:731–740PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

121.

Belizna CC, Hamidou MA, Levesque H, Guillevin L, Shoenfeld Y (2009) Infection and vasculitis. Rheumatology 48:475–482PubMedCrossRef

122.

Callabrese LH (2004) Infection with the human immunodeficience virus type 1 and vascular inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 22(Suppl 36):87–93

123.

Thwaites GE, Tran TH (2005) Tuberculous meningitis: many qustions, too few answers. Lancet Neurol 4:160–170PubMedCrossRef

124.

Pfister HW, Borasio GD (1992) Cerebrovscular complications of becterial meningitis in adults. Neurology 42:1497–1504PubMedCrossRef

125.

May EF, Jabbari B (1990) Stroke in neuroborreliosis. Stroke 21:1232–1235PubMedCrossRef

126.

Chahine LM, Khoitary RN, Tomfard WJ, Hussain MS (2011) The changing face of neurosyphilis. Int J Stroke 6:136–143PubMedCrossRef

127.

Younger DS (2004) Vasculitis of the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol 17:317–336PubMedCrossRef

128.

Cantú C, Barinagarrementeria F (1996) Cerebrovascular complications of neurocysticercosis. Clinical and neuroimaging spectrum. Arch Neurol 53:233–239PubMedCrossRef

129.

Helbok R, Brenneis C, Engelhardt K, Beer R, Lackner P, Brössner G, Pfausler B, Schmutzhard E (2007) A rare case of Toxocara canis cerebral vasculitis. Eur J Neurol 14:e49PubMedCrossRef

130.

Pittella JE, Lana-Peixoto MA (1981) Brain involvement in hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni. Brain 104:621–632PubMedCrossRef

131.

Sneddon IB (1965) Cerebro-vascular lesions and livedo reticularis. Br J Dermatol 77:777–782CrossRef

132.

Robollo M, Val JF, Ganjo F, Quintano F, Berciano J (1986) Livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions (Sneddon´s syndrome) clinical, radiological and pathological features in eight cases. Brain 106:965–979CrossRef

133.

Hamedani AG, Cole JW, Mitchell BD, Kittner SJ (2010) Meta-Analysis of Factor V Leiden and Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults. The Importance of Case Ascertainment. Stroke 41:1599–1603PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

134.

Bushnell CD, Goldstein LB (2000) Diagnostic Testing for Coagulopathies in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 31:3067–3078PubMedCrossRef

135.

Morris JG, Singh S, Fisher M (2010) Testing for Inherited Thrombophilias in Arterial Stroke: Can It Cause More Harm Than Good? Stroke 41:2985–2990PubMedCrossRef

136.

Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C et al (2001) Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both. NEJM 345:1740–1746PubMedCrossRef

137.

Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, Berry S, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL (2013) Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. NEJM 368:1092–1100 (for the RESPECT Investigators)PubMedCrossRef

138.

Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, Khattab AA, Hildick-Smith D, Dudek D, Andersen G, Ibrahim R, Schuler G, Walton AS, Wahl A, Windecker S, Jüni P (2013) PErcutaneous Closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. NEJM 368:1083–1091 (for the PC Trial Investigators)PubMedCrossRef

139.

Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, Mauri L, Adams H, Albers GW, Felberg R, Herrmann H, Kar S, Landzberg M, Raizner A, Wechsler L (2012) NEJM 366:991–999 (for the CLOSURE I Investigators)PubMedCrossRef

140.

Ducros A, Boukobza M, Porcher R, Sarov M, Valade D, Bousser MG (2007) The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A prospective series of 67 patients. Brain 130:3091–3101PubMedCrossRef

141.

Calabrese LH, Dodick DW, Schwedt TJ, Singhal AB (2007) Narrative review: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes. Ann Intern Med 146:34–44PubMedCrossRef

142.

Snygg-Martin U, Gustafsson L, Rosengren L, Alsiö A, Ackerholm P, Andersson R, Olaison L (2008) Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. Clin Infect Dis 47:23–30PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Ischämie des vorderen Kreislaufs
verfasst von: Peter Ringleb, Prof. Dr.
Peter Schellinger, Prof. Dr.
Stefan Schwab, Prof. Dr.
Roland Veltkamp, Prof. Dr., M.D., FESO
Solveig Horstmann, Dr.
Martin Köhrmann, PD Dr.
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: NeuroIntensiv
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46499-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-46500-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46500-4_27

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

23.04.2024 | Appendizitis | Nachrichten

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

hier abonnieren

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

27. Ischämie des vorderen Kreislaufs

Zusammenfassung

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

Mehr Schaden als Nutzen durch präoperatives Aussetzen von GLP-1-Agonisten?

Stereotaktische Radiatio schlägt konventionelle Bestrahlung

Update AINS

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

Mehr Schaden als Nutzen durch präoperatives Aussetzen von GLP-1-Agonisten?

Stereotaktische Radiatio schlägt konventionelle Bestrahlung

Update AINS