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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 8/2008

01.08.2008 | Klinische Pharmakologie

Ischämische Komplikationen in der Neurochirurgie

Einsatz von Kalziumantagonisten

verfasst von: M. J. Merkel, A. M. Brambrink, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 8/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Die Dysregulation des zellulären Kalziumhaushalts spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der „ischämischen Kaskade“ und bei der Entwicklung eines zerebralen Vasospasmus nach Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB). Daher erscheint eine therapeutische, oder wenn möglich, sogar prophylaktische Anwendung von zerebral wirksamen Kalziumkanalblockern bei neurochirurgischen Risikopatienten als attraktive Interventionsmöglichkeit. Die prinzipielle neuroprotektive Wirksamkeit von Kalziumantagonisten ist durch tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen belegt; dennoch sind die bisherigen klinischen Erfahrungen bei Patienten mit vergleichbaren zerebralen Störungen ernüchternd. Ein therapeutischer Effekt ist nur für den Dihydropyridinkalziumkanalblocker Nimodipin (orale Applikation) und nur bei Patienten nach SAB durch kontrollierte Studien gesichert. Experimentelle Daten weisen auf Kalziumkanalblocker anderer Subtypen als erfolgversprechende Kandidaten für eine Neuroprotektion im klinischen Kontext hin. Es ist jedoch auch vorstellbar, dass andere kalziumkanalunabhängige Mechanismen eine weitaus wichtigere pathophysiologische Rolle bei der Entwicklung der neuronalen Schädigung nach Ischämie spielen als bisher angenommen. Der Einsatz von Kalziumkanalblockern zur Prophylaxe ischämischer Komplikationen in der Neurochirurgie kann derzeit also nur für Patienten nach SAB empfohlen werden. Andere potenzielle Indikationen, wie beispielsweise akute zerebrale Ischämie oder Schädelhirntrauma (SHT), sind bis heute nicht durch klinische Evidenz belegt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ischämische Komplikationen in der Neurochirurgie
Einsatz von Kalziumantagonisten
verfasst von
M. J. Merkel
A. M. Brambrink, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 8/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1394-y

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