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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 9/2016

13.07.2016 | Adipositas | Leitthema

Jenseits des BMI

Alternative Methoden zur Erfassung von Körperfett und Muskelmasse in der Intensivmedizin und deren klinischer Stellenwert

verfasst von: Dr. T. Weig, T. Irlbeck, L. Frey, P. Paprottka, M. Irlbeck

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 9/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Adipositas führt zu einem besseren Überleben bei kritisch kranken Patienten. Diese in zahlreichen Untersuchungen nachgewiesene und für den Kliniker doch überraschende Beobachtung wird als „obesity paradox“ beschrieben. Ein Teil des „obesity paradox“ beruht auf der Tatsache, dass der Body Mass Index (BMI), welcher in nahezu allen klinischen Untersuchungen zur Einteilung der Gewichtsklassen verwendet wird, kein ausreichend geeignetes Instrument ist, um die Körperkonstitution mit Fett- und Muskelverteilung kritisch kranker Patienten zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich beruht er auf den meist nicht gemessenen, sondern geschätzten Parametern Körpergröße und -gewicht. Die abdominelle Adipositas konnte bei zahlreichen Krankheitsbildern als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für ein schlechteres Outcome identifiziert werden. In der Intensivmedizin gibt es dafür erste Hinweise. Neben der Adipositas ist die Gesamtmuskelmasse eines Menschen eine das Outcome beeinflussende Variable. Die abdominelle Adipositas kann relativ einfach mittels Schublehre gemessen werden. Die Erhebung der Muskelmasse ist komplexer. Aus im Rahmen der klinischen Routine angefertigten computertomographischen (CT) Aufnahmen kann diese valide und detailliert ermittelt werden. Für künftige klinische Beobachtungs- oder auch Interventionsstudien stellt die CT-Einzelschichtanalyse ein Werkzeug dar, um die Anthropometrie des Patienten über die Vermessung mit Maßband und Schublehre hinaus zu erfassen. Das möglicherweise besonders gefährdete Kollektiv der Patienten mit sarkopenischer Adipositas kann beispielsweise nur über bildgebende Verfahren wie die CT-Einzelschichtanalyse identifiziert werden. Somit sollte der BMI als anthropometrischer Parameter in Klinik und Forschung in den Hintergrund rücken.
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Metadaten
Titel
Jenseits des BMI
Alternative Methoden zur Erfassung von Körperfett und Muskelmasse in der Intensivmedizin und deren klinischer Stellenwert
verfasst von
Dr. T. Weig
T. Irlbeck
L. Frey
P. Paprottka
M. Irlbeck
Publikationsdatum
13.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-016-0205-0

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