Neurodegenerative disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), are heterogenous disorders which affect the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method for studying …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique to quantify metabolite concentrations in vivo. One metabolite of particular interest to the neuroscience community gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory …

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique aimed at mapping the magnetic susceptibility of tissue from the gradient echo imaging phase [ 1 – 4 ], QSM has important clinical relevance because bulk …

Recently, for the diagnosis of white matter (WM) diseases such as multiple sclerosis, myelin water content has been regarded as an important potential factor. Magnetic resonance (MR) signal of myelin depends on the number of protons included in …

Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 1 ]. The diagnosis of gliomas is based on an integrated morphological and molecular analysis [ 2 ]. The morphological analysis mainly relies on hematoxylin and …

Abdominal diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has proven clinically useful in lesion detection and follow-up due to lesion conspicuity and non-invasive nature without contrast enhancement [ 1 – 3 ]. DWI has been found to be useful in detecting primary …

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging modality that provides sensitive biomarkers of brain microstructural properties. Due to its clinically feasible acquisition times, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is still the most used dMRI …

Subject motion is a long-standing problem of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can seriously deteriorate the image quality. Various prospective and retrospective methods have been proposed for MRI motion correction, among which deep learning …

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is one of the key components of multi-parametric (mp) MRI for diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer (PCa) [ 1 ]. Analysis of DWI signals, such as by mapping the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), can provide …

Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) has become an established and widely accepted quantitative MRI biomarker of tissue fat content, gaining initial popularity for liver applications [ 1 – 4 ]. Chemical-shift-encoded (CSE) multi-echo Dixon-based …

Adipose tissue (AT) is a long-term energy depot that can release fatty acids to satisfy the body’s energy needs [ 1 ]. Increased AT volume is highly associated with escalating incidences of overweight/obesity [ 2 ]. There are two main compartments …

In the field of magnetic resonance (MR), there is an ever-growing body of work in deep learning (DL) techniques [ 1 – 5 ], including feed-forward convolutional neural networks (CNN) [ 5 – 7 ], UNets [ 4 , 8 – 14 ], and generative adversarial …

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an important modality for evaluations of the head and neck due to its ability to detect lesions, differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, and predict treatment outcomes [ 1 – 4 ]. Single-shot …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile medical imaging modality used to produce images of the structure and physiological processes of the human body. In clinics, MRI is a highly demanded imaging method due to its non-ionizing effect …

Renal blood flow (RBF) has an important role in providing high capillary pressure to drive glomerular filtration and maintain oxygen supply to meet the demands of renal metabolism. A well-recognized feature of the renal circulation is its ability …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) serves as a noninvasive tool for assessing biochemical information within the brain, finding wide application in various neurological and psychiatric studies [ 1 – 4 ]. However, MRS quantification poses …

Recent advances in the development of the capabilities of diffusion MRI have allowed MRI to infer the sizes of compartments in samples that are on the order of micrometers in diameter. There has been a growing interest in using oscillating …

Signal intensities of biological tissues in magnetic resonance imaging depend on tissue-specific parameters such as proton spin densities and proton dephasing characteristics. They can be analyzed with spin density-weighted, longitudinal $$T_1$$ T …

The investigation of the human brain microstructure in vivo is a field of great interest in the neuroimaging community. I.e., T ₂ * mapping using gradient echo (GE) acquisitions have become a widely used tool for quantitative brain mapping in many …

Bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical extensively used as a raw material in the production of epoxy resin and polycarbonate plastics. BPA is also found in paper (e.g. thermal paper and carbonless …