Drug-induced anaphylaxis fatalities (DAF) is increasing worldwide [ 1 ], the rate of which is estimated at 0.13/10 6 population/year to 0.53/10 6 population/year [ 2 , 3 ]. Antibiotics are the most reported drug class in association with …
verfasst von:
Qianwen Shi, Gege Wang, Shuhui Wang, Chao Zhang, Zhiwen Wei, Zhongyuan Guo, Dan Zhang, Keming Yun, Shanlin Fu
The most frequently used biological samples in toxicological analysis are blood and urine. However, it is common these classical biological materials to be absent during the investigation of forensic cases [ 1 ]. In addition, when the postmortem …
Cannabis sativa ( C. sativa ) has been one of the most extensively used recreational drugs over the years [ 1 ]. Its use in traditional medicine dates older than 4000 years; however just in recent years, therapeutic applications of cannabis …
As the variety of drugs of abuse has continued to expand, toxicological analyses have become increasingly important. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), which is highly specific and sensitive and is capable of the …
Synthetic cathinones (SCt) are one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in illicit drug markets [ 1 ]. Their inexpensive cost and ease of availability via online vendors are assumed to contribute to their expansion and …
verfasst von:
Abdulaziz A. Aldubayyan, Erika Castrignanò, Simon Elliott, Vincenzo Abbate
Cereulide is an emetic toxin produced by subgroups of Bacillus cereus , which is widely present in the human environment and can trigger food poisoning and infectious diseases [ 1 , 2 ]. At least 18 variants of cereulide are produced by emetic B.
Petroleum fuel is composed of more than 100 types of hydrocarbons and are used for a variety of purposes, including gasoline, kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil [ 1 ]. Petroleum fuels are often detected in fire cases, and a simple screening method …
Riot Control Agents (RCA) are substances that were developed to enable law enforcement officers to temporarily incapacitate people in riot situations [ 1 ]. RCAs interact with sensory nerve receptors to induce local discomfort and/or pain together …
verfasst von:
Lina Mörén, Anders Östin, Andreas Larsson, Julia Forsberg, Daniel Wiktelius, Pernilla Lindén
Methanol is a colorless and odorless liquid that can be found in various household products such as organic solvents, cleaning fluids, and gasoline antifreeze [ 1 ]. Methanol intoxication can occur accidentally or with suicidal intent, but the most …
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have been originally developed based on the chemical structure of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contained in cannabis to study the endocannabinoid system [ 1 ]. They are functionally similar to THC, bind to cannabinoid …
Etomidate (R-( +)-ethyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, molecular mass: 244.3, CAS number: 33125–97-2) (Fig. 1 ), is a short-acting non-barbiturate imidazole intravenous anesthetic agent, which is used for induction of general …
verfasst von:
Yinyin Dai, Xiaolong Zhang, Kundi Zhao, Yue Wang, Jinlei Liu, Jie Gu, Huiru Bai, Koutaro Hasegawa, Amin Wurita
According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Council Framework Decisions, new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are one of the most rapidly developing groups of illicit drugs [ 1 , 2 ]. Synthetic cathinones (SCs) …
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances sold as “legal” alternatives to drugs such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, and benzodiazepines [ 1 ]. The European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has monitored 880 NPS to …
verfasst von:
Ayşe Lafzi, Fatma Yeşilyurt, Tuba Demirci, Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu, Turgay Şişman
Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid extracted from the bark of the Pausinystalia yohimbe tree, which mainly grows in West Africa [ 1 ]. Yohimbine acts as an adrenoceptor blocking agent acting selectively on α 2-receptors [ 1 ]. Yohimbine has a low and …
Segmental hair analysis provides an alternative tool in additive drug monitoring and forensic analysis. Compared with drug analysis in biological fluids including blood or urine, hair sample analysis can provide a prolonged detection window …
verfasst von:
Houwei Lin, Xiaoyan Zeng, Qian Wang, Yinnan Li, Bin Sun, Ying Wang, Hang Wang
In recent years, a large number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged on the drugs market, with 899 substances being reported to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2019 [ 1 ]. Many different classes of NPS, such as …
Postmortem toxicological analyses may provide significant information in determining the cause of death or in explanation of forensic cases. Traditionally, body fluids such as blood and urine are investigated in cases of intoxication and …
verfasst von:
Ismail Ethem Goren, Nebile Gokce Daglioglu, Yusuf Kenan Daglioglu, Mete Korkut Gülmen
Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that have been prescribed for their anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative or hypnotic effects since the 1960s [ 1 ]. They induce the effects by acting on the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) …
verfasst von:
Shimpei Watanabe, Svante Vikingsson, Anna Åstrand, Volker Auwärter, Henrik Gréen, Robert Kronstrand
New psychoactive drugs (NPS) are increasingly being identified in cases of drugs abuse. It is a major public health problem in the world. Logan et al. reviewed NPS use in the USA between 2013 and 2016, which included: synthetic cannabinoids, new …
