The development of realistic robotic surgery scenes is important for VR-based surgical training. The conventional method for creating these surgery scenes involves manual creation of soft tissue models with in vivo textures by skilled artists.

Deep learning (DL) is established as a very promising technology for X-ray analysis and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), with application in a range of diverse pathologies from fracture to cancer detection [ 1 – 3 ]. The most successful cases of …

Laryngoscopy is a common procedure performed by otolaryngologists to examine the larynx, vocal folds, and other nearby anatomical structures in the airway. During a flexible laryngoscopic examination, a flexible naso-laryngoscope is slowly …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, accounting for over an estimated 2 million new cases each year [ 1 ]. When discovered early, a common treatment option consists of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy [ 2 …

In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), endoscopy serves as a pivotal visual aid, facilitating precise lesion observation, diagnosis, and treatment. Nevertheless, the unique imaging environment presents a challenge—harsh specular reflections …

Teamwork is a critical component of surgical success. Poor teamwork leads to an increase in minor problems, such as difficulty finding instruments due to unpreparedness or team members’ disengagement. Although seemingly innocuous, these minor …

Fig. 1 a Process of LRRPC using rigid instruments; b process for soft robot-assisted radical resection of prostate cancer …

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can offer excellent therapy to patients with shoulder joint diseases, including proximal humerus fractures and glenoid bone loss [ 1 ]. Data indicate that RSA surgery is currently in great demand as the …

Intracranial aneurysms are abnormal focal dilations of cerebral blood vessels. Their rupture accounts for 85% of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates [ 1 ]. Early detection of unruptured …

Our objective is to develop a generalized neural controller able to continuously control the rotation of a guidewire through a complex vascular tree, from its insertion point until one of the predetermined targets is reached (see Fig. 1 ). This …

Computer-aided detection (CAD) software has been developed by numerous research groups, and CAD software using machine learning, particularly deep learning, has increased in recent years [ 1 – 5 ]. The development of CAD software based on machine …

As surgical assistance systems become more capable, their user interfaces likewise grow more complicated. High-level functions may exist, but if the actual steps to use them are not obvious, then their availability is merely theoretical, or …

The healthy aortic valve has an opening cross section of 3–5 cm 2 to ensure satisfactory blood flow. Diseases of the valve are like aortic stenosis, with an opening cross section in a mild state of 1.5–2 cm 2 and in a severe state of less than 1 cm …2

Flow diverters (FDs) are devices with a high-density mesh structure designed to achieve revascularization in saccular intracranial aneurysms [ 6 ]. As a result, intracranial aneurysms (IA) are isolated from normal blood circulation and gradually …

Laparoscopic Surgery (LS) is a form of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS), employed primarily for the examination and treatment of the gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. LS has significant advantages over traditional open surgery …

It may seem counterintuitive that computer-based technology, designed to emulate human thought, could be anything other than a positive boon to mankind, especially in the field of healthcare. Despite tremendous enthusiasm, there have been concerns …

The dominant paradigm in natural language processing (NLP) is to adapt a foundation model to the task at hand [ 1 ]. A foundation model is a large machine learning feature extraction model pretrained on a vast quantity of data and generally used …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. The standard of care for PCa diagnosis is the histopathological analysis of tissue samples obtained by transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy. However, the …

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent form of skin cancer, often occurring on the neck and face and is typically treated with surgical resection [ 16 ]. In some cases, BCC lesions can deeply infiltrate the adjacent healthy tissue which makes it …

In recent years, the integration of digital technologies into dentistry has revolutionized the way dental professionals diagnose and treat their patients. One such technology is a digital dental cast, which is created by scanning a physical …