The decomposition of animal remains is a multifaceted process, involving ecological, biological, and chemical interactions. While the complexity is acknowledged through concepts like the necrobiome, it’s unclear if this complexity is reflected in …
verfasst von:
Donna B. McIntyre, Blake M. Dawson, Benjamin M. Long, Philip S. Barton
To date South African forensic anthropologists are only able to successfully apply a metric approach to estimate population affinity when constructing a biological profile from skeletal remains. While a non-metric, or macromorphoscopic approach …
verfasst von:
Leandi Liebenberg, Ericka N. L’Abbé, Kyra E. Stull
Suspected physical abuse (SPA) or non-accidental injury (NAI) affects vulnerable members of our society, particularly children. According to the most recent estimates, 50% of children aged 2–17 years globally experienced some form of violence in …
verfasst von:
Edel Doyle, Lyndal Bugeja, Matthew R. Dimmock, Kam L. Lee, Jessica Ng, Richard B. Bassed
Sharp-force injuries are one of the most common forms of homicide [ 1 ]. The incidence of sharp-force injuries is very high, particularly in countries with strict firearm regulations, and the fatality rate is 33.2%~51.7% [ 2 – 4 ]. Knife injuries …
verfasst von:
Jin Yang, Shangxiao Li, Shufang Yuan, Yi Shi, Bin Ni, Chaopeng Yang, Wenxia Guo, Mingzhi Wang, Weiya Hao
Chile had a violent military coup (1973–1990) that resulted in 3,000 victims declared detained, missing or killed; many are still missing and unidentified. Currently, the Human Rights Unit of the Forensic Medical Service in Chile applies globally …
verfasst von:
Natalia Rojas González, Zuzana Obertová, Daniel Franklin
Commercial short tandem repeat (STR) kits exclusively contain human-specific primers; however, various non-human organisms with high homology to the STR kit's primer sequences can cause cross-reactivity. Owing to the proprietary nature of the …
The primary responsibility of a medical practitioner is to attend to the medical needs of their patient [ 1 ]. Beyond patient care, every medical professional is additionally entrusted with a legal responsibility towards the State in varying …
verfasst von:
Benjy Tom Varughese, Daniel Manoj, Antony L Arakkal, Latif Rajesh Johnson, Ranjit Immanuel James
Forensic microbiology is rapidly emerging as a novel tool for human identification. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities including fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, is unique to each individual, offering a new …
verfasst von:
Lorenzo Franceschetti, Giorgia Lodetti, Alberto Blandino, Alberto Amadasi, Valentina Bugelli
High-risk coronary plaques (HRP) are characterized in clinical radiological imaging by the presence of low plaque attenuation, a napkin-ring sign (NRS), spotty calcifications (SC) and a positive remodeling index (RI). To evaluate if these signs …
verfasst von:
Katarzyna Michaud, David C Rotzinger, Mohamed Faouzi, Silke Grabherr, Salah D Qanadli, Allard C van der Wal, Virginie Magnin
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are generally early colonisers of fresh cadavers, enabling the estimation of a minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) based on an accurate aging of the oldest immature stages associated with a cadaver. In blow …
verfasst von:
Daniel Martín-Vega, Thomas J. Simonsen, Martin J. R. Hall
Conducting external post-mortem examinations is an essential skill required of physicians in various countries, regardless of their specialization. However, the quality of these examinations has been a subject of continuous debates, and notable …
verfasst von:
Christina Klus, Katja Krumm, Sindy Jacobi, Marie-Christin Willemer, Charlotte Daub, Dietrich Stoevesandt, Katrin Metzler, Carolin Richter, Lisa-Maria Peter, Steffen Heide, Uwe Schmidt
Non-prescription use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with an increased risk of premature death. However, these substances are seldom screened in connection with forensic cause-of-death investigation, unless the forensic …
verfasst von:
Paula Vauhkonen, Petteri Oura, Pirkko Kriikku, Katarina Lindroos, Mikko Ilari Mäyränpää
Computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) is increasingly used in postmortem cases. Standardized validated protocols permit to compare different PMCTA images and make it more easily to defend a case in court. In addition to the well-known technique …
verfasst von:
G. M. Bruch, S. Grabherr, C. Bruguier, F. T. Fischer, R. Soto, V. Magnin, P. Genet
Gunshot wound analysis is an important part of medicolegal practice, in both autopsies and examinations of living persons. Well-established and studied simulants exist that exhibit both physical and biomechanical properties of soft-tissues and …
verfasst von:
Victoria K. S. Fischer, Markus A. Rothschild, Beat P. Kneubuehl, Thomas Kamphausen
Initial experiences with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of living strangulation victims demonstrated additional findings of internal injuries compared to the standard clinical forensic examination. However, existing studies on the use of MRI for …
verfasst von:
Melanie Bauer, Christina Hollenstein, Johanna Maria Lieb, Sabine Grassegger, Tanja Haas, Laura Egloff, Celine Berger, Eva Scheurer, Claudia Lenz
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a criminal offence that is prosecuted ex officio, following report to the police from physicians or child protection services. The aim of this study was to assess whether the judicial outcome (dismissal vs indictment) …
verfasst von:
Sarah Held, Jean-Jacques Cheseaux, Jean-François Tolsa, Sarah Depallens
Age Estimation has been considered as a human basic right since 1837 when Edwin Saunders defends, for the first time, tables for dental age assessment based on the chronology of tooth eruption [ 1 ]. Nowadays, the rights of a child, as defined by …
verfasst von:
Cristiana Palmela Pereira, Ana Rodrigues, Diana Augusto, Adriana Santos, Valon Nushic, Rui Santos
The present study is aimed to address the challenge of wound age estimation in forensic science by identifying reliable genetic markers using low-cost and high-precision second-generation sequencing technology. A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats …
verfasst von:
Junyi Shen, Hao Sun, Shidong Zhou, Liangliang Wang, Chaoxiu Dong, Kang Ren, Qiuxiang Du, Jie Cao, Yingyuan Wang, Junhong Sun
An increasing number of software tools can be used in forensic anthropology to estimate a biological profile, but further studies in other populations are required for more robust validation. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of …
verfasst von:
Anežka Pilmann Kotěrová, Frédéric Santos, Šárka Bejdová, Rebeka Rmoutilová, MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Ahmed Habiba, Jana Velemínská, Jaroslav Brůžek
