Cost-utility analyses (CUAs) estimating incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) are used by health technology assessment (HTA) institutions worldwide. CUAs allow for a comparison of cost effectiveness across therapeutic areas by …
Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting over 26 million people globally [ 1 ]. The prevalence of advanced heart failure (AHF) is estimated to be up to 14% of the overall HF population, depending on the definition adopted [ 2 , 3 ].
Many decision-makers have emphasized the importance of leveraging patient experience data to measure unmet need. However, there is no standardized, patient-centric unmet need measure that formalizes how the value judgements inherent in such a …
A proliferation of options does not always lead to good decision-making [ 1 ], a phenomenon that challenges the dogma of “more is better” [ 2 , 3 ]. The paradox of choice emphasizes that choice overload is detrimental to decision-making and can …
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common neoplasm globally, accounting for 47.1 new cases per 100,000, or 2,310,051 new cases every year [ 1 ]. It is the leading cause of death among women living with cancer, with 12.7 deaths per 100,000. In …
The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in various virus strains causing physical and mental damage worldwide [ 1 ]. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 no longer constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International …
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have revolutionized cancer treatment by improving survival rates in patients with various tumors [ 1 ]. Among these ICIs …
Disparities in access to oncology medicines in European Union (EU) member states can impact patient outcomes profoundly, with availability and timely access varying significantly across and within member states. This paper discusses the …
Different clinical conditions may involve common pathways, mechanisms, or mediators, thus some drugs, especially those used in oncology and immunology, have multiple therapeutic indications [ 1 – 9 ]. Multiple indications of medicines have led to a …
Obesity is a major global health issue with profound social and economic implications. Defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat, obesity is commonly assessed using body mass index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing a person’s weight …
