nach oben

Archives of Virology

Erschienen in:

04.10.2018 | Original Article

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) latent protein LANA modulates cellular genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

verfasst von: Nivedita Gaur, Tanvi Tikla, Rajeev Kaul

Erschienen in: Archives of Virology | Ausgabe 1/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and various lymphoproliferative diseases. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in the metastasis of cancer cells. Previous studies have shown an important role for EMT markers in B-cell malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the role of the KSHV latent protein LANA in the progression of EMT. Our data suggest that expression of LANA results in an increase in the migration and invasion potential of cancer cells, which is concurrent with modulation of transcriptional regulation and protein expression of several cellular genes associated with EMT. LANA expression results in upregulation of the cellular intermediate filament protein vimentin and transcription factor TCF8/ZEB1 and downregulation of tight junction protein ZO1 and adhesion protein E-cadherin. LANA co-localizes with TCF8/ZEB1, a major contributor in EMT, further suggesting an important role for LANA in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of KSHV-infected cancer cells.

Fidler IJ (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1098 CrossRefPubMed

Thiery JP (2002) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2(6):442–454. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc822 CrossRefPubMed

Gatenby RA (2009) A change of strategy in the war on cancer. Nature 459(7246):508–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/459508a CrossRefPubMed

Patel LR, Camacho DF, Shiozawa Y, Pienta KJ, Taichman RS (2011) Mechanisms of cancer cell metastasis to the bone: a multistep process. Future Oncol 7(11):1285–1297. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.11.112 CrossRefPubMed

Pienta KJ, Loberg R (2005) The “emigration, migration, and immigration” of prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer 4(1):24–30CrossRefPubMed

Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (2009) The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Investig 119(6):1420–1428. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI39104 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Goossens S, Vandamme N, Van Vlierberghe P (1868) Berx G (2017) EMT transcription factors in cancer development re-evaluated: beyond EMT and MET. Biochim Biophys Acta 2:584–591

Lee JM, Dedhar S, Kalluri R, Thompson EW (2006) The epithelial-mesenchymal transition: new insights in signaling, development, and disease. J Cell Biol 172(7):973–981CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang J, Mani SA, Donaher JL, Ramaswamy S, Itzykson RA, Come C, Savagner P, Gitelman I, Richardson A, Weinberg RA (2004) Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis. Cell 117(7):927–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.06.006 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Bolos V, Peinado H, Perez-Moreno MA, Fraga MF, Esteller M, Cano A (2003) The transcription factor Slug represses E-cadherin expression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors. J Cell Sci 116(Pt 3):499–511CrossRefPubMed

11.

Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER (2002) The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62(6):1613–1618PubMed

12.

Turner FE, Broad S, Khanim FL, Jeanes A, Talma S, Hughes S, Tselepis C, Hotchin NA (2006) Slug regulates integrin expression and cell proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 281(30):21321–21331CrossRefPubMed

13.

Zhang P, Sun Y, Ma L (2015) ZEB1: at the crossroads of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and therapy resistance. Cell Cycle 14(4):481–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2015.1006048 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Ishida K, Ito S, Wada N, Deguchi H, Hata T, Hosoda M, Nohno T (2007) Nuclear localization of beta-catenin involved in precancerous change in oral leukoplakia. Mol Cancer 6:62CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Cadigan KM, Nusse R (1997) Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev 11(24):3286–3305CrossRefPubMed

16.

Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T, Look AT (1999) SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein. Mol Cell 4(3):343–352CrossRefPubMed

17.

Schmidt CR, Gi YJ, Patel TA, Coffey RJ, Beauchamp RD, Pearson AS (2005) E-cadherin is regulated by the transcriptional repressor SLUG during Ras-mediated transformation of intestinal epithelial cells. Surgery 138(2):306–312CrossRefPubMed

18.

Adhikary A, Chakraborty S, Mazumdar M, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Manna A, Mohanty S, Nakka KK, Joshi S, De A, Chattopadhyay S, Sa G, Das T (2014) Inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition by E-cadherin up-regulation via repression of slug transcription and inhibition of E-cadherin degradation: dual role of scaffold/matrix attachment region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1) in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 289(37):25431–25444. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.527267M CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Sakai D, Tanaka Y, Endo Y, Osumi N, Okamoto H, Wakamatsu Y (2005) Regulation of Slug transcription in embryonic ectoderm by beta-catenin-Lef/Tcf and BMP-Smad signaling. Dev Growth Differ 47(7):471–482CrossRefPubMed

20.

Cai LM, Lyu XM, Luo WR, Cui XF, Ye YF, Yuan CC, Peng QX, Wu DH, Liu TF, Wang E, Marincola FM, Yao KT, Fang WY, Cai HB, Li X (2015) EBV-miR-BART7-3p promotes the EMT and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by suppressing the tumor suppressor PTEN. Oncogene 34(17):2156–2166. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2014.341 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Chung TW, Kim SJ, Choi HJ, Song KH, Jin UH, Yu DY, Seong JK, Kim JG, Kim KJ, Ko JH, Ha KT, Lee YC, Kim CH (2014) Hepatitis B virus X protein specially regulates the sialyl lewis a synthesis among glycosylation events for metastasis. Mol Cancer 13:222. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-13-222 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Harakeh S, Abou-Khouzam R, Damanhouri GA, Al-Hejin A, Kumosani T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M, Barbour E, Diab-Assaf M, Azar R (2014) Effects of nutrients on matrix metalloproteinases in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 positive and negative malignant T-lymphocytes. Int J Oncol 45(5):2159–2166. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2638 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Knight LM, Stakaityte G, Wood JJ, Abdul-Sada H, Griffiths DA, Howell GJ, Wheat R, Blair GE, Steven NM, Macdonald A, Blackbourn DJ, Whitehouse A (2015) Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen mediates microtubule destabilization to promote cell motility and migration. J Virol 89(1):35–47. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02317-14 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Gaur N, Gandhi J, Robertson ES, Verma SC, Kaul R (2015) Epstein-Barr virus latent antigens EBNA3C and EBNA1 modulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition of cancer cells associated with tumor metastasis. Tumour Biol 36(4):3051–3060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2941-6 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Moore PS, Chang Y (2003) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immunoevasion and tumorigenesis: two sides of the same coin? Annu Rev Microbiol 57:609–639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090824 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Ignatovich IA, Dizhe EB, Akif’ev BN, Burov SV, Boiarchuk EA, Perevozchikov AP (2002) Delivery of “suicide” thymidine kinase gene of herpes virus in the complex with cationic peptide into human hepatoma cells in vitro. Tsitologiia 44(5):455–462PubMed

27.

Lemma S, Karihtala P, Haapasaari KM, Jantunen E, Soini Y, Bloigu R, Pasanen AK, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kuittinen O (2013) Biological roles and prognostic values of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediating transcription factors Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 62(2):326–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12000 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Sanchez-Tillo E, Fanlo L, Siles L, Montes-Moreno S, Moros A, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, Martinez A, Colomer D, Gyorffy B, Roue G, Postigo A (2014) The EMT activator ZEB1 promotes tumor growth and determines differential response to chemotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma. Cell Death Differ 21(2):247–257. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2013.123 CrossRefPubMed

29.

Jha HC, Sun Z, Upadhyay SK, El-Naccache DW, Singh RK, Sahu SK, Robertson ES (2016) KSHV-mediated regulation of Par3 and SNAIL contributes to B-Cell proliferation. PLoS Pathog 12(7):e1005801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Gasperini P, Espigol-Frigole G, McCormick PJ, Salvucci O, Maric D, Uldrick TS, Polizzotto MN, Yarchoan R, Tosato G (2012) Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through Notch-dependent signaling. Cancer Res 72(5):1157–1169. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3067 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Cheng F, Pekkonen P, Laurinavicius S, Sugiyama N, Henderson S, Gunther T, Rantanen V, Kaivanto E, Aavikko M, Sarek G, Hautaniemi S, Biberfeld P, Aaltonen L, Grundhoff A, Boshoff C, Alitalo K, Lehti K, Ojala PM (2011) KSHV-initiated notch activation leads to membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase-dependent lymphatic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Host Microbe 10(6):577–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.011S1931-3128(11)00364-7 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Dourmishev LA, Dourmishev AL, Palmeri D, Schwartz RA, Lukac DM (2003) Molecular genetics of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) epidemiology and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67(2):175–212 (table of contents) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Ballestas ME, Chatis PA, Kaye KM (1999) Efficient persistence of extrachromosomal KSHV DNA mediated by latency-associated nuclear antigen. Science 284(5414):641–644CrossRefPubMed

34.

Borah S, Verma SC, Robertson ES (2004) ORF73 of herpesvirus saimiri, a viral homolog of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, modulates the two cellular tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb. J Virol 78(19):10336–10347. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.19.10336-10347.2004 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Friborg J Jr, Kong W, Hottiger MO, Nabel GJ (1999) p53 inhibition by the LANA protein of KSHV protects against cell death. Nature 402(6764):889–894. https://doi.org/10.1038/47266 CrossRefPubMed

36.

Fujimuro M, Hayward SD (2003) The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus manipulates the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. J Virol 77(14):8019–8030CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Verma SC, Lan K, Choudhuri T, Cotter MA, Robertson ES (2007) An autonomous replicating element within the KSHV genome. Cell Host Microbe 2(2):106–118CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Verma SC, Choudhuri T, Kaul R, Robertson ES (2006) Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts with origin recognition complexes at the LANA binding sequence within the terminal repeats. J Virol 80(5):2243–2256CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Khera L, Paul C, Kaul R (2017) Hepatitis C Virus E1 protein promotes cell migration and invasion by modulating cellular metastasis suppressor Nm23-H1. Virology 506:110–120CrossRefPubMed

40.

Rueden CT, Schindelin J, Hiner MC, DeZonia BE, Walter AE, Arena ET, Eliceiri KW (2017) Image J2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. BMC Bioinform 18(1):529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z CrossRef

41.

Huang RY, Guilford P, Thiery JP (2012) Early events in cell adhesion and polarity during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 19):4417–4422. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.099697 CrossRefPubMed

42.

Nishimura G, Manabe I, Tsushima K, Fujiu K, Oishi Y, Imai Y, Maemura K, Miyagishi M, Higashi Y, Kondoh H, Nagai R (2006) DeltaEF1 mediates TGF-beta signaling in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. Dev Cell 11(1):93–104CrossRefPubMed

43.

Gravdal K, Halvorsen OJ, Haukaas SA, Akslen LA (2007) A switch from E-cadherin to N-cadherin expression indicates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and is of strong and independent importance for the progress of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13(23):7003–7011CrossRefPubMed

44.

Dittmer DP, Damania B (2016) Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy. J Clin Investig 126(9):3165–3175. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI84418 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Kelley-Clarke B, De Leon-Vazquez E, Slain K, Barbera AJ, Kaye KM (2009) Role of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus C-terminal LANA chromosome binding in episome persistence. J Virol 83(9):4326–4337. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02395-08 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Barbera AJ, Chodaparambil JV, Kelley-Clarke B, Joukov V, Walter JC, Luger K, Kaye KM (2006) The nucleosomal surface as a docking station for Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus LANA. Science 311(5762):856–861CrossRefPubMed

47.

Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R (2014) Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15(3):178–196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3758 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Whitaker HC, Girling J, Warren AY, Leung H, Mills IG, Neal DE (2008) Alterations in beta-catenin expression and localization in prostate cancer. Prostate 68(11):1196–1205. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20780 CrossRefPubMed

49.

Schmalhofer O, Brabletz S, Brabletz T (2009) E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and ZEB1 in malignant progression of cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 28(1–2):151–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-008-9179-y CrossRefPubMed

50.

Wheelock MJ, Johnson KR (2003) Cadherins as modulators of cellular phenotype. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19:207–235. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.011102.111135 CrossRefPubMed

51.

Wells A, Chao YL, Grahovac J, Wu Q, Lauffenburger DA (2011) Epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic switchings modulate cell motility in metastasis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16:815–837CrossRef

52.

Matter K, Balda MS (2007) Epithelial tight junctions, gene expression and nucleo-junctional interplay. J Cell Sci 120(Pt 9):1505–1511CrossRefPubMed

53.

Liu Y, El-Naggar S, Darling DS, Higashi Y, Dean DC (2008) Zeb1 links epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cellular senescence. Development 135(3):579–588. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.007047 CrossRefPubMed

54.

Weber KL, Doucet M, Price JE (2003) Renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis: epidermal growth factor receptor targeting. Clin Orthop Relat Res 415(Suppl):S86–S94. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000093050.96273.35 CrossRef

55.

Singh M, Spoelstra NS, Jean A, Howe E, Torkko KC, Clark HR, Darling DS, Shroyer KR, Horwitz KB, Broaddus RR, Richer JK (2008) ZEB1 expression in type I vs type II endometrial cancers: a marker of aggressive disease. Mod Pathol 21(7):912–923. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2008.82 CrossRefPubMed

56.

Karihtala P, Auvinen P, Kauppila S, Haapasaari KM, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Soini Y (2013) Vimentin, zeb1 and Sip1 are up-regulated in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers: association with an aggressive tumour phenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 138(1):81–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2442-0 CrossRefPubMed

57.

Ohira T, Gemmill RM, Ferguson K, Kusy S, Roche J, Brambilla E, Zeng C, Baron A, Bemis L, Erickson P, Wilder E, Rustgi A, Kitajewski J, Gabrielson E, Bremnes R, Franklin W, Drabkin HA (2003) WNT7a induces E-cadherin in lung cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(18):10429–10434. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1734137100 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

Witta SE, Gemmill RM, Hirsch FR, Coldren CD, Hedman K, Ravdel L, Helfrich B, Dziadziuszko R, Chan DC, Sugita M, Chan Z, Baron A, Franklin W, Drabkin HA, Girard L, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Bunn PA Jr (2006) Restoring E-cadherin expression increases sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 66(2):944–950CrossRefPubMed

59.

Kaul R, Murakami M, Choudhuri T, Robertson ES (2007) Epstein-Barr virus latent nuclear antigens can induce metastasis in a nude mouse model. J Virol 81(19):10352–10361CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Silverberg MJ, Lau B, Achenbach CJ, Jing Y, Althoff KN, D’Souza G, Engels EA, Hessol NA, Brooks JT, Burchell AN, Gill MJ, Goedert JJ, Hogg R, Horberg MA, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Korthuis PT, Mathews WC, Mayor A, Modur SP, Napravnik S, Novak RM, Patel P, Rachlis AR, Sterling TR, Willig JH, Justice AC, Moore RD, Dubrow R (2015) Cumulative incidence of cancer among persons with HIV in North America: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 163(7):507–518. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2768 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Robbins HA, Pfeiffer RM, Shiels MS, Li J, Hall HI, Engels EA (2015) Excess cancers among HIV-infected people in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju503 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

62.

Staskus KA, Zhong W, Gebhard K, Herndier B, Wang H, Renne R, Beneke J, Pudney J, Anderson DJ, Ganem D, Haase AT (1997) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression in endothelial (spindle) tumor cells. J Virol 71(1):715–719PubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Dittmer DP, Richards KL, Damania B (2012) Treatment of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-associated cancers. Front Microbiol 3:141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00141 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

McClure LV, Sullivan CS (2008) Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus taps into a host microRNA regulatory network. Cell Host Microbe 3(1):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2007.12.002 CrossRefPubMed

65.

Lu J, Jha HC, Verma SC, Sun Z, Banerjee S, Dzeng R, Robertson ES (2014) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded LANA contributes to viral latent replication by activating phosphorylation of survivin. J Virol 88(8):4204–4217. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03855-13 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Domsic JF, Chen HS, Lu F, Marmorstein R, Lieberman PM (2013) Molecular basis for oligomeric-DNA binding and episome maintenance by KSHV LANA. PLoS Pathog 9(10):e1003672. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003672 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Hellert J, Weidner-Glunde M, Krausze J, Richter U, Adler H, Fedorov R, Pietrek M, Ruckert J, Ritter C, Schulz TF, Luhrs T (2013) A structural basis for BRD2/4-mediated host chromatin interaction and oligomer assembly of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and murine gammaherpesvirus LANA proteins. PLoS Pathog 9(10):e1003640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003640 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Hellert J, Weidner-Glunde M, Krausze J, Lunsdorf H, Ritter C, Schulz TF, Luhrs T (2015) The 3D structure of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA C-terminal domain bound to DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(21):6694–6699. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421804112 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Correia B, Cerqueira SA, Beauchemin C, Pires de Miranda M, Li S, Ponnusamy R, Rodrigues L, Schneider TR, Carrondo MA, Kaye KM, Simas JP, McVey CE (2013) Crystal structure of the gamma-2 herpesvirus LANA DNA binding domain identifies charged surface residues which impact viral latency. PLoS Pathog 9(10):e1003673. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003673 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Groves AK, Cotter MA, Subramanian C, Robertson ES (2001) The latency-associated nuclear antigen encoded by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus activates two major essential Epstein-Barr virus latent promoters. J Virol 75(19):9446–9457. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.19.9446-9457.2001 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

71.

An FQ, Folarin HM, Compitello N, Roth J, Gerson SL, McCrae KR, Fakhari FD, Dittmer DP, Renne R (2006) Long-term-infected telomerase-immortalized endothelial cells: a model for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 80(10):4833–4846CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

72.

An FQ, Compitello N, Horwitz E, Sramkoski M, Knudsen ES, Renne R (2005) The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus modulates cellular gene expression and protects lymphoid cells from p16 INK4A-induced cell cycle arrest. J Biol Chem 280(5):3862–3874CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) latent protein LANA modulates cellular genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
verfasst von: Nivedita Gaur
Tanvi Tikla
Rajeev Kaul
Publikationsdatum: 04.10.2018
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Archives of Virology / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-4060-y

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) latent protein LANA modulates cellular genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2019

Alstroemeria yellow spot virus (AYSV): a new orthotospovirus species within a growing Eurasian clade

First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus from diarrheic dogs in Zambia

Genetic characterization of a novel unique recombinant form of HIV-1 originating from subtype A1 and C in Guangdong Province, China

A Victorivirus from Fusarium asiaticum, the pathogen of Fusarium head blight in China

Molecular characterization and analysis of conserved potyviral motifs in bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) for RNAi-mediated protection

Molecular characterization of H10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Eastern China

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin