Kidd Blood Group Genotyping for Thalassemia Patient in Iran

We aimed to determine the JK genotype in thalassemia patients from Iran using different molecular methods to compare with phenotyping results. We also aimed to standardize for the first time, the Tetra-Primer ARMS PCR method for JK genotyping. The serology method cannot correctly determine the phenotype of blood group antigens in patients with multiple blood transfusions. Peripheral blood samples were taken from two hundred alloimmunized thalassemic patients in Tehran Adult Thalassemic Clinic. The samples were tested phenotypically by routine serological methods. After DNA Extraction, SSP-PCR was performed. DNA sequencing and PCR–RFLP were used to confirm the SSP-PCR results. Discrepancies were found between the phenotype and genotype in 32 out of 200 cases. In 16 cases phenotype was determined as Jk (a + b +) but genotype was JK*A/JK*A, in 14 cases phenotype was Jk (a + b +) while the genotype showed JK*B/JK*B, 1 case had been phenotyped as Jk (a + b −) but it was genotyped as JK*A/JK*B and 1 case had been phenotyped as Jk (a − b +) but it was genotyped as JK*A/JK*B. Serological results for a few samples could not be confirmed because of mix-field agglutination. The genotyping however verified the presence of Kidd alleles. Molecular methods are a valuable tool to predict blood group phenotypes in multi-transfused patients in order to select RBC units for a perfect matching improving blood transfusion and preventing alloimmunization. Also Tetra-Primer ARMS PCR is simple and cost effective methods that could be alternative by conventional Molecular methods.