Knowledge About Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Practices of Pap Testing Among Turkish Immigrant Women in the United States

The objective of this study was to examine knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and practices of Pap testing among female Turkish immigrants in the state of Florida in the United States of America (USA). This descriptive study was conducted between April and September 2012. The study sampling was consist of 156 Turkish women living in the state of Florida. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the population of Turkish immigrant women. On the survey form comprised of a total of 37 questions and three sections there are questions pertaining to the socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals, their knowledge on the cervical cancer risk factors and their approach to getting Pap smear tests. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16.0) was used to compute frequency and descriptive statistics related to demographic data. The average age of the women is 35.67 ± 10.0. More than half of women (66%) women reported cervical cancer screening at least one. Over two-thirds knew that having abnormal vaginal bleeding (85.8%) and vaginal infections (78.2%), having sexual activity with a man who has had multiple sexual partners (61.5%), and having multiple sexual partners (61.5%) increase the risk of cervical cancer. The result of the multivariate regression analysis have determined that the age of immigrant women (OR 11.3, 95 % CI 5.1–25.2, p:0.000) and the number of children ( OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.7–6.9, p:0.000) are factors that impact pap smear testing behavior. Our study findings confirm low levels of Pap testing and show important knowledge deficits about cervical cancer risk factors and the importance of Pap testing among Turkish immigrant women. It is recommended that the immigrant women be educated about cervical cancer by means of organizing conferences in their own language and preparing informative materials.