Background
Methods
Study area and population
Data collection
Ethical consideration
Data analysis
Results
Socio demographic characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Number | Percent | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 188 | 45.30 |
Female | 227 | 54.70 | |
Age in years | <21 | 76 | 18.3 |
21-40 | 296 | 71.4 | |
>40 | 43 | 10.6 | |
Residence | Urban | 171 | 41.2 |
Rural | 244 | 58.2 | |
Religion | Christian | 172 | 41.45 |
Muslim | 234 | 56.4 | |
Others | 9 | 2.2 | |
Marital status | Married | 307 | 74 |
Single | 107 | 25.8 | |
Divorced | 1 | 0.24 | |
Educational status | Illiterate | 197 | 47.5 |
Primary | 46 | 11.1 | |
Secondary | 155 | 37.4 | |
Tertiary | 17 | 4.1 | |
Occupation | Unemployed | 186 | 44.8 |
Self employed | 48 | 11.6 | |
Gov. employed | 181 | 43.6 | |
Distance from health institution | < 10 km | 127 | 30.6 |
>10km | 288 | 69.4 | |
Family size | 1-3 | 312 | 75.2 |
≥4 | 103 | 24.8 | |
Forms of TB of study participants | PTB | 376 | 90.6 |
EPTB | 39 | 9.4 | |
Patients’ category | New | 408 | 98.3 |
Default | 7 | 1.7 |
Knowledge of study participants about TB
Variable | Knowledge about TB | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High n (%) | Low n (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
Sex | Male | 138 (73.4) | 50 (26.6) | R | |
Female | 139 (61.2) | 88 (38.8) | 0.57 (0.37 - 0.87) | 1.33 (0.75 - 2.38) | |
Age | < 21 years | 59 (77.6) | 17 (22.4) | R | |
21-40 years | 189 (63.9) | 107 (36.1) | 0.51 (0.28 - 0.91) | 2.63 (0.99 -6.94) | |
>40 years | 29 (67.44) | 14 (32.5) | 0.60 (0.26 - 1.37) | 4.19 (1.24 - 14.13) | |
Address | Urban | 147 (85.9) | 24 (14.0) | R | |
Rural | 130 (53.3) | 114 (46.7) | 0.19 (0.11 - 0.31) | 0.50 (0.24 - 1.06) | |
Religion | Orthodox | 124 (72.1) | 48 (27.9) | R | |
Muslim | 144 ( 61.5) | 90 (38.5) | 0.62 (0.41 - 0.95) | 0.97 (0.54 - 1.73) | |
Others | 9 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Marital status | Married | 173 (56.35) | 134 (43.6) | R | |
Single | 103 (96.3) | 4 (3.7) | 19.9 (7.16 - 55.5) | 34.58 (9.58-24.88) | |
Divorced | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Distance from HI | ≤ 10 km | 99 (68.5) | 28 (22.1) | R | |
>10 km | 178 (61.8) | 110 (38.2) | 0.45 (0.28 - 0.74) | 0.48 (0.24 - 0.97) |
Knowledge of study participants about HIV
Variable | Knowledge about HIV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Better knowledgeable (%) | Less knowledgeable (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
Sex | Male | 113 (60.1) | 75 (39.9) | R | |
Female | 89 (39.2) | 138 (60.8) | 0.42 (0.28 - 0.63) | 0.76 (0.43 - 1.35) | |
Age | <21 years | 52 (68.4) | 24 (31.58) | R | |
21-40 years | 140 (47.3) | 156 (52.7) | 0.41 (0.24 - 0.70) | 0.32 (0.14 - 0.68) | |
>40 years | 10 (23.3) | 33 (76.7) | 0.13 (0.05 - 0.32) | 0.68 (0.23 - 1.99) | |
Residence | Urban | 112 (65.5) | 59 (34.5) | R | |
Rural | 90 (36.9) | 154 (63.1) | 0.30 (0.20 -0.46) | 0.57 (0.28 - 1.15) | |
Religion | Orthodox | 134 (77.9) | 38 (22.1) | R | |
Muslim | 60 (25.6) | 174 (74.4) | 0.09 (0.06 - 0.15) | 0.06 (0.03 - 0.11) | |
Others | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 2.26 (0.27 - 8.70) | 0.92 (0.10 - 8.44) | |
Marital status | Married | 123 (40.1) | 184 (59.9) | R | |
Single | 78 (72.9) | 29 (27.1) | 4.02 (2.48 - 6.52) | 1.87 (0.79 - 4.43) | |
Divorced | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Distance from HI | ≤ 10 km | 60 (47.2) | 67 (52.8) | R | |
>10 km | 142 (49.3) | 146 (50.7) | 1.08 (0.71 - 1.64) | 2.55 (1.27 - 5.11) |
Knowledge of study participants about HIV testing
Variable | Knowledge about HIV testing | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Age category | ||||||
M (%) | F (%) | Total (%) | <21 (%) | 21-40(%) | >40(%) | Total (%) | |
Heard about HIV testing before? | |||||||
No | 61 (32.5) | 55 (24.2) | 116 (28) | 13 (17.1) | 88 (29.7) | 15 (34.9) | 116 (28) |
Yes | 127 (67.5) | 172 (75.8) | 299 (72.1) | 63 (82.9)* | 208 (70.3)* | 28 (65.1)* | 299 (72) |
Source of information Mass media, health personnel, Closed | |||||||
friends, | 37 (29.1)* | 86 (50)* | 123 (41.1) | 33 (52.4)* | 90 (43.3)* | 0 (0.00) | 123 (41.1) |
Other | 90 (70.9) | 86 (50) | 176 (58.9) | 30 (47.6) | 118 (56.7) | 28 (100) | 176 (58.9) |
Before you came here, do you know all TB patients will be tested for HIV? | |||||||
No | 152 (80.9) | 184 (81.1) | 336 (81) | 53 (69.7) | 250 (84.5) | 33 (76.7) | 336 (81) |
Yes | 36 (19.1) | 43 (18.9) | 79 (19) | 23 (30.3)* | 46 (15.5)* | 10 (23.3)* | 79 (19) |
Do you feel HIV test is important for TB patients? | |||||||
No | 34 (18.1) | 105 (46.3) | 139 (33.5) | 4 (5.3) | 124 (41.9) | 11 (25.6) | 139 (33.5) |
Yes | 154 (81.9)* | 122 (53.7)* | 276 (66.5) | 72 (94.7)* | 172 (58.1)* | 32 (74.4)* | 276 (66.5) |
When is HIV testing important? | |||||||
Every 3 months | 54 (28.7)* | 112 (49.3)* | 166 (40) | 40 (52.6)* | 116 (39.2)* | 10 (23.3)* | 166 (40) |
I don’t know | 134 (71.3) | 115 (50.7) | 249 (60) | 36 (47.4) | 180 (61.8) | 33 (76.7) | 249 (60) |
Variable | Knowledge about HIV testing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High n (%) | Low n (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
Sex | Male | 101 (55.80) | 87 (37.18) | R | |
Female | 80 (44.20) | 147 (62.82) | 0.46 (0.31 - 0.69) | 0.73 (0.40 - 1.34) | |
Age in years | <21 years | 40 (17.1) | 36 (19.9) | R | |
21-40 years | 178 (76.1) | 117 (64.6) | 0.72 (0.43 - 1.20) | 1.99 (0.96 -4.12) | |
>40 years | 16 (6.8) | 28 (15.5) | 2.07 (0.95 - 4.48) | 5.55 (1.76 - 17.46) | |
Residence | Urban | 113 (62.43) | 58 (24.79) | R | |
Rural | 68 (37.57) | 176 (75.21) | 0.19 (0.12 - 0.30) | 0.71 (0.38 - 1.33) | |
Religion | Christian | 90 (49.72) | 82 (35.04) | R | |
Muslim | 83 (45.86) | 151 (64.53) | 0.50 (0.33 - 0.74) | 0.66 (0.38 - 1.15) | |
Others | 8 (4.42) | 1 (0.43) | 7.28 (0.89 - 59.53) | 2.08 (0.23 - 8.68) | |
Marital status | Married | 111 (61.33) | 196 (83.76) | R | 6.87 (3.00 - 15.71) |
Single | 69 (38.12) | 38 (16.24) | 3.2 (2.02 - 5.07) | ||
Divorced | 1 (0.55) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Distance from HI | ≤10 km | 94 (52) | 33 (14.1) | R | |
>10 km | 87 (48) | 201 (85.9) | 0.15 (0.09 - 0.24) | 0.12 (0.06 - 0.23) |
Treatment seeking behavior of study participants
Variable | Treatment seeking behavior | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Age category | ||||||
M (%) | F (%) | Total (%) | <21 (%) | 21-40(%) | >40 (%) | Total (%) | |
For how long did you have these symptoms? | |||||||
≤ 6 weeks | 114 (60.6)* | 102 (45)* | 216 (52) | 33 (43.4)* | 150 (50.7)* | 33 (76.7)* | 216 (52) |
> 6 weeks | 74 (39.4) | 125 (55) | 199 (48) | 43 (56.6) | 146 (49.3) | 10 (23.3) | 199 (48) |
HIV testing has impact on the treatment seeking behavior? | |||||||
No | 62 (33) | 85 (37.4) | 147 (35.4) | 14 (18.4) | 113 (38.2) | 20 (46.5) | 147 (35.4) |
Yes | 126 (67) | 142 (62.6) | 268 (64.6) | 62 (81.6)* | 183 (61.8)* | 23 (53.5)* | 268 (64.6) |
Reason for your delay Lack of money, disease awareness | 155 (82.5) | 207 (91.2) | 362 (87.2) | 57 (75) | 267 (90.2) | 38 (88.4) | 362 (87.2) |
Fear of HIV testing | 33 (17.5)* | 20 (8.8)* | 53 (12.8) | 19 (25)* | 29 (9.8)* | 5 (11.6)* | 53 (12.8) |
First treatment as a relief | |||||||
Drug venders or traditional healers | 120 (63.8) | 130 (57.3) | 250 (60.2) | 60 (79) | 162 (54.7) | 28 (65.1) | 250 (60.2) |
Health institutions | 68 (36.2)* | 97 (42.7)* | 165 (39.8) | 16 (21)* | 134 (45.3)* | 15 (34.9)* | 165 (39.8) |
Variable | Treatment seeking behavior (TSB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High n(%) | Low n (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
Sex | Male | 121(64.4) | 67 (35.6) | R | R |
Female | 91 (40.1) | 136 (59.9) | 0.37 (0.24 - 0.55) | 0.11 (0.05 - 0.25) | |
Age in years | <21 years | 36 (47.4) | 40 (52.6) | R | R |
21-40 years | 143 (48.3) | 153 (51.7) | 1.03 (0.62 - 1.72) | 3.03 (0.57 - 16.03) | |
>40 years | 33 (76.7) | 10 (23.3) | 3.66 (1.58 - 8.48) | 1.31 (0.18 - 9.43) | |
Residence | Urban | 124 (72.5) | 47 (27.5) | R | R |
Rural | 88 (36.1) | 156 (63.9) | 0.21 (0.13 - 0.32) | 0.002 (0.00 - 0.01) | |
Religion | Orthodox | 92 (53.5) | 80 (46.5) | R | R |
Muslim | 113 (48.3) | 121 (51.7) | 0.81 (0.54 - 1.20) | 20 (3.61 - 111.70) | |
Others | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 3.04 (0.61 - 15.07) | 0.80 (0.04 - 14.09) | |
Marital status | Married | 151 (49.2) | 156 (50.8) | R | R |
Single | 61 (57.0) | 46 (43) | 1.36 (0.87 - 2.13) | 0.001 (0.00 - 0.01) | |
Divorced | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100) | |||
Distance from HI | ≤10 km | 91 (71.6) | 36 (28.4) | R | R |
>10km | 121 (42.0) | 167 (58.0) | 0.28 (0.18 - 0.45) | 0.46 (0.28 - 0.75) | |
Knowledge of TB | Low Knowledge | 33 (23.9) | 105 (76.1) | R | R |
High Knowledge | 179 (64.6) | 98 (35.4) | 5.81 (3.66- 9.22) | 1.91 (0.94 - 3.87) | |
Knowledge of HIV | Low Knowledge | 79 (37.1) | 134 (62.9) | R | R |
High Knowledge | 133 (65.8) | 69 (34.2) | 3.26 (2.18 - 4.88) | 1.82 (0.34 - 9.72) | |
Knowledge HIV testing | Low Knowledge | 58 (24.8) | 176 (75.2) | R | R |
High Knowledge | 154 (85.1) | 27 (14.9) | 1.7 (10.44 - 28.68 ) | 2.06 (4.58 -8.76) | |
Reason for your treatment delay | Lack of money or | ||||
awareness | 177 (48.9) | 185 (51.1) | R | R | |
Fear of HIV testing | 35 (66.0) | 18 (34.0) | 2.03 (1.11 - 3.72) | 1.66 (0.72 - 3.81) |