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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 12/2014

01.12.2014 | Leitthema

Körperliches Training bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen

verfasst von: Dr. K. Henkel, C.D. Reimers, G. Knapp, F. Schneider

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 12/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Körperliche Aktivität hat positive Effekte auf somatische und psychische Gesundheitsfaktoren. Systematisches körperliches Training hat somit ein präventives und therapeutisches Potenzial, auch neurologische und psychische Erkrankungen günstig zu beeinflussen.

Fragestellung

In dieser Literaturübersicht wird die aktuelle Evidenz der Wirksamkeit körperlichen Trainings bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen dargestellt. Besonders wird auf Interventionen bei Schlaganfällen, Demenzen, Morbus Parkinson, Depressionen, Psychosen, Angststörungen und chronischen Schmerzsyndromen eingegangen.

Ergebnisse

Körperliche Aktivität senkt das Risiko, Schlaganfälle, demenzielle Erkrankungen oder einen Morbus Parkinson zu entwickeln. Auch ist sie negativ mit der Dysthymie und anderen depressiven Symptomen sowie verschiedenen Angst- und Schmerzstörungen assoziiert. Eine therapeutische Wirksamkeit systematischen körperlichen Trainings konnte v. a. für Depressionen, einige Symptome von Psychosen und der Multiplen Sklerose, bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, Essstörungen, das Fibromyalgiesyndrom, Kopfschmerzsyndrome und für die Kurzintervention bei Angststörungen nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Der gezielte Einsatz körperlichen Trainings bei prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Interventionen kann die Krankheitslast verschiedener neurologischer und psychischer Störungen senken. Es fehlen weiter wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen hinsichtlich optimaler Dauer, Art und Intensität sowie möglicher Risiken körperlichen Trainings.
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Metadaten
Titel
Körperliches Training bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen
verfasst von
Dr. K. Henkel
C.D. Reimers
G. Knapp
F. Schneider
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 12/2014
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-013-3978-2

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