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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 6/2018

04.05.2018 | Ultraschall | Leitthema

Kontrastverstärkte Sonographie in der Lymphknotendiagnostik

verfasst von: Dr. H.‑P. Weskott

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 6/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Zu den täglichen Aufgaben der sonographischen Diagnostik gehören Detektion und Charakterisierung peripherer und abdomineller Lymphknoten.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Neben den B‑Mode-Verfahren hat die farbkodierte Dopplersonographie (FKDS) einen festen Stellenwert in der Diagnostik von Lymphknoten (LK).

Methodische Innovationen

Die kontrastverstärkte Sonographie (CEUS) ist in der Gefäß- und Organdiagnostik ein Standardverfahren geworden. Die Gewebeperfusion kann in Echtzeit visuell wie auch retrospektiv mittels zeitabhängiger Intensitätsanalyse erfasst werden. Die Kontrastmitteldosierung richtet sich v. a. nach der Lokalisation der Lymphknoten und des Schallkopftyps sowie der -frequenz. Gefäß- und Tumorzelldichte, intranodaler Druck durch erhöhte Gefäßpermeabilität sowie Erhalt oder Destruktion der Kapsel müssen bei der Interpretation der Befunde bedacht werden.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Die Indikation zur CEUS ergibt sich aus dem B‑Mode- und FKDS-Befund und spielt v. a. beim Vitalitätsnachweis vor und nach Therapie eine wichtige Rolle. Ungleichmäßig oder scheinbar nichtperfundierte Areale ermöglichen eine gezielte Punktion von vitalem Tumorgewebe.

Bewertung

Insbesondere bei abdominellen Lymphknoten weist die CEUS eine hohe diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit auf. Differenzialdiagnostisch können entzündliche und durch Lymphominfiltration veränderte Lymphknoten nicht immer voneinander differenziert werden.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

CEUS hilft durch Darstellung der Mikro- und Makrovaskularisation, Lymphkoten in ihrer Dignität besser einzuschätzen. Nach frustraner Punktion können vitale Bezirke gezielt biopsiert werden. Die CEUS ist v. a. bei der Einschätzung des Therapieerfolgs von großem Wert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kontrastverstärkte Sonographie in der Lymphknotendiagnostik
verfasst von
Dr. H.‑P. Weskott
Publikationsdatum
04.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-018-0389-1

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