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Erschienen in: Journal of NeuroVirology 4/2019

22.05.2019

Lack of susceptibility in neonatally infected rhesus macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus-induced encephalitis

verfasst von: Elizabeth Delery, Diana G. Bohannon, Derek L. Irons, Carolina Allers, Chie Sugimoto, Yanhui Cai, Kristen M. Merino, Angela M. Amedee, Ronald S. Veazey, Andrew MacLean, Marcelo J. Kuroda, Woong-Ki Kim

Erschienen in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Abstract

Despite combination antiretroviral therapies making HIV a chronic rather than terminal condition for many people, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is increasing. This is especially problematic for children living with HIV. Children diagnosed HAND rarely display the hallmark pathology of HIV encephalitis in adults, namely infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the brain. This finding has also been documented in rhesus macaques infected perinatally with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). However, the extent and mechanisms of lack of susceptibility to encephalitis in perinatally HIV-infected children remain unclear. In the current study, we compared brains of macaques infected with pathogenic strains of SIV at different ages to determine neuropathology, correlates of neuroinflammation, and potential underlying mechanisms. Encephalitis was not found in the macaques infected within 24 h of birth despite similar high plasma viral load and high monocyte turnover. Macaques developed encephalitis only when they were infected after 4 months of age. Lower numbers of CCR5-positive cells in the brain, combined with a less leaky blood-brain barrier, may be responsible for the decreased virus infection in the brain and consequently the absence of encephalitis in newborn macaques infected with SIV.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lack of susceptibility in neonatally infected rhesus macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus-induced encephalitis
verfasst von
Elizabeth Delery
Diana G. Bohannon
Derek L. Irons
Carolina Allers
Chie Sugimoto
Yanhui Cai
Kristen M. Merino
Angela M. Amedee
Ronald S. Veazey
Andrew MacLean
Marcelo J. Kuroda
Woong-Ki Kim
Publikationsdatum
22.05.2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Journal of NeuroVirology / Ausgabe 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Elektronische ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-019-00755-w

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