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Erschienen in: Der Gastroenterologe 1/2016

01.02.2016 | Varikosis | Schwerpunkt: Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose

Portale Hypertension: Varizen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. G. Albert, J. Vermehren

Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie | Ausgabe 1/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Blutung aus Ösophagus- und Magenvarizen stellt eine der schwerwiegendsten Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose dar, deren Mortalität aber in den letzten Jahren dank verbesserter Screening- und Behandlungspfade gesenkt werden konnte.

Behandlung

Patienten mit akuter Varizenblutung bedürfen einer intensivmedizinischen Überwachung sowie einer frühen endoskopischen Behandlung. Dabei kommt zur Blutstillung bei Ösophagusvarizenblutung primär die Gummibandligatur und bei gastrischen Varizen die Injektion eines Gewebeklebers (Histoacryl) zum Einsatz. Bei primär nicht erfolgreicher Blutstillung kann eine passagere Sondenimplantation oder die Einlage eines selbstexpandierenden Metallstents in den Ösophagus erfolgen. Darüber hinaus bieten viele Zentren die notfallmäßige TIPS-Anlage an.

Prophylaxe

Zur Primärprophylaxe von Ösophagusvarizenblutungen kann eine medikamentöse Therapie mit einem nichtselektiven Betablocker oder eine Gummibandligatur erfolgen, wohingegen sich zur Sekundärprophylaxe die Kombination aus endoskopischer Ligatur und medikamentöser Therapie empfiehlt.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
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Metadaten
Titel
Portale Hypertension: Varizen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. G. Albert
J. Vermehren
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Gastroenterologie / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7420
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7439
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-015-0037-5

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