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Erschienen in: MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 4/2021

29.04.2021 | Diarrhoe | FB_Übersicht

Klinische Evidenz zu Probiotika in der Prävention einer Antibiotika-assoziierten Diarrhö

Systematischer Review

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Martin Storr, Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Stengel

Erschienen in: MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin | Sonderheft 4/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Die Antibiotika-assoziierte Diarrhö (AAD) stellt die häufigste intestinale Nebenwirkung einer Antibiotikatherapie dar. Verschiedene Probiotika oder Probiotikakombinationen werden oft während der Antibiotikaeinnahme präventiv angewendet, um der Entstehung einer AAD vorzubeugen.
Methode: Die Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE und EMBASE. Es werden 7 Probiotika hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit und Evidenz bei der Prävention der AAD dargestellt. Nur Präparate, die von der World Gastroenerology Organisation (WGO) mit Evidenzlevel 1-3 zur Prävention der AAD eingestuft waren, wurden berücksichtigt. 37 klinische Studien, davon 33 RCTs wurden ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 ist das am umfangreichsten untersuchte Probiotikum hinsichtlich der Prävention der AAD. Es zeigte in allen Patientengruppen (ambulant und stationär behandelte Kinder und Erwachsene) eine evidenzbasierte Wirksamkeit auf. Auch Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG besitzt eine gute Studienlage bei Kindern und ambulant behandelten Erwachsenen. Die weiteren Probiotika und Probiotikakombinationen, welche in der vorliegenden Arbeit bewertet wurden, zeigen lediglich eine Wirksamkeit bei hospitalisierten Patienten auf oder es liegt nur eine sehr eingeschränkte Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich der Prävention einer AAD vor, beispielsweise aufgrund des zugrundeliegenden Studiendesigns bzw. der geringen Anzahl an Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung: Probiotika wirken stammspezifisch, über ihre Wirksamkeit bei der Prävention einer AAD kann keine allgemeine Aussage getroffen werden. Grundsätzlich empfiehlt es sich, zur Prävention der AAD ein Probiotikum mit evidenzbasierter Wirkung auszuwählen wie beispielsweise Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 oder Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.
Schlüsselwörter: Antibiotika-assoziierte Diarrhö, Darm-Hirn-Achse, Prävention, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Probiotika
Eingereicht am 12.2.2021 - Revision akzeptiert am 11.3.2021
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Metadaten
Titel
Klinische Evidenz zu Probiotika in der Prävention einer Antibiotika-assoziierten Diarrhö
Systematischer Review
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Martin Storr
Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Stengel
Publikationsdatum
29.04.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin / Ausgabe Sonderheft 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1438-3276
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-3560
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-021-9762-5

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