Background
Results
SAE and A549 cells secrete similar cytokines following RSV stimuli
Airway epithelial cell type | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SAE cells (Type I) | A549 (Type II) | |||
Cytokines (pg/ml media) | Mock | RSV | Mock | RSV |
IL-1β
| 12.66±1.76 |
31.75±1.48*
| 13.52±0.80 |
34.33±4.3*
|
IL-1β
| 9.55±1.17 |
15.50±2.45*
| 1.28±0.05 |
2.28±0.45*
|
IL1-RA
| 40.37±6.37 |
63.25±4.82*
| 5.20±0.37 |
23.28±3.88*
|
IL-2
| 0.98±0.28 | 1.44±0.42 | 0.20±0.05 | 0.25±0.07 |
IL-2RA
| 41.65±3.57 | 44.67±2.12 | 36.72±0.58 | 34.53±0.55 |
IL-3
| 102.7±8.85 | 100.2±7.37 | 59.09±3.54 | 58.08±4.56 |
IL-6
| 2349±234.6 |
3260±153.8*
| 17.21±0.79 |
534.4±19.22*
|
IL-7
| 29.36±4.87 |
55.37±8.32*
| 17.00±4.57 |
34.44±4.15*
|
IL-8/CXCL8
| 2479±154.4 |
5094±363.5*
| 142.2±20.70 |
1203±83.75*
|
IL-10
| 6.89±1.31 | 8.13±0.15 | 5.85±0.27 |
7.02±0.24*
|
IL-12(p40)
| 193.4±17.18 | 183.9±19.78 | 127.2±10.11 | 135.0±19.54 |
IL-12(p70)
| 36.76±5.48 | 36.09±5.94 | 14.54±1.29 |
19.86±0.81*
|
IL-16
| 115.7±14.5 |
223.5±19.04*
| 652.1±32.79 | 387.5±45.97 |
IL-18
| 6.70±0.71 |
11.94±0.92*
| 6.24±0.31 | 7.06±0.37 |
GROα/CXCL1
| 8482±428 |
11119±639*
| 2431±177.7 |
9473±366.4*
|
Eotaxin/CCL11
| 5.16±0.24 |
10.37±0.62*
| 1.38±0.16 |
3.43±0.37*
|
FGF
| 6.60±0.30 |
10.72±1.41*
| 4.24±0.51 |
13.92±2.16*
|
G-CSF/CSF-3
| 945.6±72.01 |
1403±130.2
| 1.00±0.79 |
10.16±1.57*
|
GM-CSF/CSF-2
| 9.74±2.99 | 10.04±3.15 | 3.73±0.44 |
7.12±0.51*
|
M-CSF/CSF-1
| 73.03±8.60 | 98.50±6.41 | 2.90±0.74 | 4.55±0.63 |
IFN-γ2
| 4.62±0.32 | 4.97±0.27 | 4.46±0.04 | 4.55±0.76 |
IFN-γ
| 95.39±13.08 |
171.6±12.04*
| 12.38±1.98 |
81.81±8.88*
|
MIG/CXCL9
| 29.01±3.91 |
61.41±2.99*
| 53.83±5.43 | 104.81±12.11 |
IP10/CXCL10
| 337.6±93.99 |
10580±546*
| 5.13±0.35 |
1836±97.5*
|
MCP-1/CCL2
| 146.2±15.51 |
266.0±42.71*
| 557.1±30.48 |
1088±56.54*
|
MCP-3/CCL7
| 71.68±8.97 |
215.8±17.44*
| 96.03±10.57 | 78.41±11.14 |
MIP-1β/CCL3
| 1.88±0.12 | 2.38±0.36 | 1.25±0.09 |
16.96±0.42*
|
MIP-1β/CCL4
| 1.55±0.32 | 2.75±0.45 | 0.77±0.13 |
89.04±7.52*
|
MIF
| 2123±186.2 |
7435±179.5*
| 454.0±20.8 |
1015±47.5*
|
PDGF-BB
| 6.91±1.01 |
16.90±2.98*
| 3.68±0.59 |
10.23±0.16*
|
RANTES/CCL5
| 206.8±10.32 |
339.9±29.54*
| 44.30±8.53 |
656.9±82.5*
|
TNF-α
| 16.78±0.57 |
32.40±3.27*
| 1.14±0.12 |
27.83±2.37*
|
TNF-α/LTA
| 21.98±1.39 | 21.09±0.78 | 17.59±0.18 | 17.41±0.72 |
VEGF
| 3717±372.2 |
5256±304.3*
| 1585±108.9 |
3297±146.2*
|
TRAIL
| 135.7±13.64 | 209.2±6.82 | 151.4±10.16 |
191.9±5.06*
|
β-NGF
| 23.92±1.76 | 23.81±2.23 | 20.50±1.17 | 24.12±2.39 |
LIF
| 114.9±11.92 |
227.4±6.7*
| 64.70±2.41 |
212.7±15.88*
|
HGF
| 63.33±4.98 |
81.84±1.41*
| 71.23±1.47 | 69.34±1.71 |
CTAK/ CCL27
| 130.5±9.87 |
249.3±9.73*
| 122.5±2.40 |
211.7±8.91*
|
SDF-1α/CXCL12
| 672.0±31.7 |
1504±97.33*
| 121.6±9.61 |
359.4±28.6*
|
SCGF-β | 685.7±32.1 |
1000±73.1*
| 3575±191.2 |
5905±161.9*
|
SCF
| 19.09±1.08 |
42.87±0.18*
| 27.50±1.52 |
38.66±3.03*
|
MIF, LIF, CCL27, CXCL12/SDF-1α, SCGF-β and SCF are expressed in the airways of mice following RSV challenge
RSV activates TLRs and RIG-I-like receptors (RLR)
Trif and Mavs KO mice have reduced cytokine responses to RSV challenge
Wild-type | TrifKO | MavsKO | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cytokine (pg/ml BALF) | Mock | RSV | Mock | RSV | Mock | RSV |
IL-1β
| 3.54±1.51 |
30.11±9.64*
| 9.62±8.57 | 25.53±5.33 | 6.74±3.56 | 24.55±3.36 |
IL-1β
| 66.61±5.52 |
78.55±6.66*
| 67.05±6.19 |
66.16±5.00*
| 56.88±2.83 |
49.18±4.06
#
|
IL-2
| 7.25±0.32 |
5.52±0.31*
| 6.44±0.03 | 5.91±1.22 | 5.36±0.35 | 6.91±0.75 |
IL-3
| 29.39±1.54 | 28.87±0.84 | 30.50±1.55 | 28.95±1.47 | 22.98±2.89 | 24.37±0.51 |
IL-4
| 15.00±0.01 |
48.12±0.02*
| 17.21±0.01 | 32.89±0.01 | 14.41±0.01 |
16.33±0.01
#
|
IL-5
| 4.15±0.27 |
20.00±5.42*
| 5.39±0.63 |
7.55±1.46
#
| 4.37±0.15 |
4.81±0.50
#
|
IL-6
| 3.78±0.44 |
9.63±3.80*
| 4.19±0.57 | 9.79±3.16 | 3.18±0.31 |
5.55±1.16
#
|
IL-9
| 204.10±11.28 | 233.11±18.25 | 230.31±37.74 | 216.01±18.58 | 181.42±12.58 | 228.93±19.01 |
IL-10
| 61.43±9.92 | 76.45±22.60 | 46.08±8.18 | 166.2±55.5 | 51.13±8.32 | 63.33±12.23 |
IL-12(p40)
| 8.69±0.17 |
11.95±1.65*
| 9.95±0.97 | 10.99±1.18 | 6.89±1.06 |
8.74±0.28
#
|
IL-12(p70)
| 11.34±0.98 | 10.23±1.43 | 13.14±3.60 | 14.89±2.85 | 8.60±2.10 | 12.01±3.70 |
IL-13
| 48.41±2.44 |
29.61±3.50*
| 41.84±4.94 | 26.51±2.15 | 47.99±2.33 | 30.31±6.52 |
IL-15
| 6.96±1.09 |
14.25±3.31*
| 13.46±3.62 | 9.83±1.89 | 7.42±2.18 | 10.83±1.68 |
IL-17
| 43.66±5.10 | 64.17±16.72 | 37.61±30.20 | 79.81±13.48 | 41.34±5.01 | 55.44±4.68 |
IFN-γ
| 12.15±0.76 |
35.47±11.26*
| 10.19±1.26 |
8.24±0.61
#
| 11.74±5.04 |
13.22±3.78
#
|
MCP-1/CCL2
| 64.57±2.12 |
85.14±8.23*
| 67.87±5.15 | 81.61±7.86 | 63.22±5.01 |
69.99±4.82
#
|
RANTES/CCL5
| 12.41±0.84 |
107.32±21.70*
| 18.02±3.32 | 128.81±23.27 | 15.01±0.98 |
68.32±11.90
#
|
TNF-α
| 524.98±41.34 | 438.88±55.48 | 602.71±38.15 | 460.01±84.64 | 504.18±32.14 | 448.88±34.48 |
MIP-1β/CCL3
| 105.01±1.38 |
164.72±5.56*
| 123.02±18.29 | 132.58±12.77 | 95.96±4.84 |
106.61±4.60
#
|
MIP-1β/CCL4
| 66.37±2.89 |
112.91±19.50*
| 49.59±4.74 | 103.10±18.43 | 54.40±10.08 | 127.45±41.05 |
MIP-2/CXCL2
| 10.22±0.56 | 10.82±2.04 | 14.86±1.86 | 13.40±2.47 | 9.15±0.80 | 13.00±1.78 |
Eotaxin/CCL11
| 5.72±0.55 |
25.02±5.97*
| 9.26±2.68 | 15.37±3.80 | 5.94±0.50 | 13.62±3.08 |
GM-CSF/CSF2
| 41.63±3.79 | 45.57±3.25 | 49.61±3.60 | 57.88±6.41 | 37.14±6.15 | 45.93±2.41 |
M-CSF/CSF1
| 24.93±2.08 | 26.73±2.47 | 29.13±2.97 | 28.85±3.79 | 20.40±1.97 | 25.94±2.84 |
LIF
| 12.37±5.4 |
70.18±12.33*
| 11.12±2.12 | 60.42±10.32 | 12.91±3.99 | 72.32±7.69 |
CTAK/CCL27
| 231±21.23 |
430±43.21*
| 220±18.91 | 389.1±21.98 | 198.3±10.99 | 424.7±34.76 |
SDF-1α/CXCL12
| 94.0±10.16 |
312.2±50.96*
| 51.1±23.23 |
77.21±13.11
#
| 110.21±20.20 | 296.19±15.07 |
SCF
| 711.00±40.15 |
1713.06±98.19*
| 721.79±88.95 | 1392.90±99.41 | 702.83±76.41 | 1721.22±70.60 |
GROα/KC/CXCL1
| 1.02±0.45 |
81.35±16.70
| 1.24±0.16 | 81.29±23.27 | 4.35±0.97 |
48.55±20.84
#
|
Wild-type | TrifKO | MavsKO | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cytokine (pg/ml) | Mock | RSV | Mock | RSV | Mock | RSV |
IL-4 | 1.00±0.40 |
4.67±1.26*
| 1.26±0.33 | 3.97±0.53 | 0.27±0.14 |
0.23±0.10
#
|
IL-6 | 1.00±0.10 |
4.15±0.14*
| 1.30±0.33 | 3.32±0.52 | 1.81±0.71 |
1.61±0.57
#
|
IL-18 | 1.00±0.19 | 0.71±0.16 | 0.64±0.15 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.51±0.06 | 0.60±0.34 |
IL-22 | 1.00±0.41 | 1.19±0.16 | 0.98±0.07 | 1.49±0.49 | 0.54±0.30 |
0.45±0.08
#
|
IL-23 | 1.00±0.41 | 1.48±0.27 | 0.75±0.17 | 1.41±0.20 | 0.19±0.15 | 1.03±0.02 |
IL-27 | 1.00±0.15 |
2.00±0.10*
| 0.98±0.31 | 1.88±0.39 | 0.49±0.06 | 1.63±0.09 |
CXCL1/KC | 1.00±0.12 |
11.91±0.05*
| 1.56±0.67 | 12.04±0.37 | 0.29±0.11 |
3.23±0.12
#
|
MIG/CXCL9 | 1.00±0.58 |
160.81±17.67*
| 3.18±1.10 | 148.83±16.68 | 0.23±0.14 |
29.47±5.42
#
|
IP10/CXCL10 | 1.00±0.18 |
8.07±1.62*
| 1.78±0.43 | 9.77±2.51 | 0.312±0.10 |
3.59±2.07
#
|
IP9/CXCL11 | 1.00±0.12 |
2.61±0.26*
| 1.30±0.44 | 4.38±0.85 | 0.18±0.16 | 3.19±1.05 |
MIF | 1.00±0.19 |
2.40±0.26*
| 1.09±0.15 |
0.90±0.41
#
| 0.93±0.11 |
0.52±0.40
#
|
LIF | 1.00±0.14 |
2.71±0.09*
| 1.16±0.66 |
1.01±0.27
#
| 0.99±0.11 | 2.43±0.13 |
CTAK/CCL27 | 1.00±0.28 |
5.79±0.67*
| 1.18±0.18 | 4.23±0.68 | 0.73±0.18 | 4.27±0.42 |
SDF-1α/CXCL12 | 1.00±0.16 |
2.67±0.96*
| 1.28±0.23 |
1.57±0.51
#
| 0.51±0.20 | 2.59±1.07 |
SCGF-β | 1.00±0.22 |
1.87±0.16*
| 1.33±0.14 | 1.88±0.81 | 0.88±0.26 | 1.19±0.15 |
SCF | 1.00±0.15 |
1.60±0.16*
| 1.09±0.25 | 1.20±0.41 | 0.93±0.11 | 1.82±0.40 |
TGF-β | 1.00±0.16 | 1.47±0.06 | 0.84±0.19 | 1.00±0.43 | 0.51±0.01 | 0.62±0.43 |
MCP-1/CCL2 | 1.00±0.08 |
12.39±3.01*
| 2.38±0.73 | 20.45±4.31 | 0.45±0.07 |
5.13±1.33
#
|
MIP-1β/CCL3 | 1.00±0.08 |
10.17±1.51*
| 1.68±0.40 | 13.64±1.51 | 0.58±0.14 |
3.37±0.83
#
|