Introduction
Materials and methods
Study sample
All participants (n = 304) | Dementia (n = 196) | No dementia (n = 108) | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographical details | |||
Sex (n, %) | |||
Men | 52 (17) | 30 (15) | 22 (20) |
Women | 252 (83) | 166 (85) | 86 (80) |
Age at death (mean ± SD) | 92.4 (± 3.7) | 92.5 (± 3.7) | 92.1 (± 3.8) |
Age at death (n, %) | |||
85–89 | 82 (27) | 46 (24) | 36 (33) |
90–94 | 146 (48) | 101 (52) | 45 (42) |
≥ 95 | 76 (25) | 49 (25) | 27 (25) |
Neuropathological details | |||
Braak NFT stage (n, %) | |||
0–II | 90 (30) | 46 (24) | 44 (41) |
III–IV | 142 (47) | 84 (43) | 58 (54) |
V–VI | 72 (24) | 66 (34) | 6 (6) |
CERAD score (n, %) | |||
None | 71 (23) | 33 (17) | 38 (35) |
Sparse | 33 (11) | 17 (9) | 16 (15) |
Moderate–frequent | 200 (66) | 146 (75) | 54 (50) |
SN neuron loss (n, %)a | |||
None | 7 (2) | 3 (2) | 4 (4) |
Mild | 161 (53) | 98 (50) | 63 (58) |
Moderate | 115 (38) | 76 (39) | 39 (36) |
Severe | 20 (7) | 19 (10) | 1 (1) |
Genetic characteristics | |||
APOE ε4b (n, %) | |||
No | 194 (68) | 112 (61) | 82 (83) |
Yes | 90 (32) | 73 (39) | 17 (17) |
Neuropathological procedures
LRP scoring and classification
Statistical analyses
Ethics
Results
DLB Consortium classification
DLB Consortium classification | ||||||
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None n = 180 | Non-classifiable n = 11 | Brainstem n = 19 | Amygdala-predominant n = 10 | Limbic n = 41 | Diffuse neocortical n = 43 | |
LRP progression patternsb | ||||||
None n = 180 (59%) | 180 (100) | |||||
Caudo-rostral pattern n = 83 (27%) | 11 (100) | 18 (95) | 0 (0) | 29 (71) | 25 (58) | |
Amygdala-based pattern n = 40 (13%) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 10 (100) | 12 (29) | 17 (40) |
Negative LRP | Positive LRP (Lewy-related pathology) n = 124 | |||||||
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(a) DLB Consortium classification [27] n = 124 | (b) LRP progression-based n = 123b | |||||||
No n = 180 | Non-classifiable n = 11 | Brainstem n = 19 | Amygdala-predominant n = 10 | Limbic n = 41 | Diffuse Neocortical n = 43 | Caudo-rostral n = 83 | Amygdala-based n = 40 | |
Women (%) | 85 | 82 | 84 | 90 | 80 | 74 | 76 | 88 |
Mean age at death (years) | 92.3 | 91.3 | 93.8 | 93.0 | 92.3 | 92.2 | 92.6 | 92.3 |
Age at death (n, %) | ||||||||
85–89 | 45 (25) | 5 (46) | 4 (21) | 1 (10) | 14 (34) | 13 (30) | 26 (31) | 11 (28) |
90–94 | 94 (52) | 3 (27) | 9 (47) | 6 (60) | 16 (39) | 18 (42) | 33 (40) | 18 (45) |
≥ 95 | 41 (23) | 3 (27) | 6 (32) | 3 (30) | 11 (27) | 12 (28) | 24 (29) | 11 (28) |
Braak NFT stage (n, %) | ||||||||
0-II | 54 (30) | 6 (55) | 8 (42) | 1 (10) | 10 (24) | 11 (26) | 34 (41) | 2 (5) |
III–IV | 92 (51) | 3 (27) | 8 (42) | 5 (50) | 20 (49) | 14 (33) | 36 (43) | 13 (33) |
V–VI | 34 (19) | 2 (18) | 3 (16) | 4 (40) | 11 (27) | 18 (42) | 13 (16) | 25 (63) |
CERAD score (n, %) | ||||||||
None | 46 (26) | 2 (18) | 7 (37) | 1 (10) | 11 (27) | 4 (9) | 24 (29) | 1 (3) |
Sparse | 24 (13) | 1 (9) | 3 (16) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 2 (5) | 9 (11) | 0 (0) |
Moderate–frequent | 110 (61) | 8 (73) | 9 (47) | 9 (90) | 27 (66) | 37 (86) | 50 (60) | 39 (98) |
NIA-RIc (n, %) | ||||||||
No | 32 (35) | 3 (50) | 7 (58) | 0 (0) | 7 (26) | 4 (13) | 21 (25) | 0 (0) |
Yes | 59 (65) | 3 (50) | 5 (42) | 7 (100) | 20 (74) | 26 (87) | 24 (29) | 36 (90) |
SN neuron lossd (n, %) | ||||||||
None | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
Mild | 115 (64) | 11 (100) | 9 (47) | 5 (50) | 16 (39) | 5 (12) | 36 (43) | 10 (25) |
Moderate | 54 (30) | 0 (0) | 8 (42) | 5 (50) | 20 (49) | 28 (65) | 36 (43) | 25 (63) |
Severe | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) | 4 (10) | 10 (23) | 11 (13) | 4 (10) |
Dementia status at death (n, %) | ||||||||
No | 74 (41) | 5 (45) | 10 (53) | 1 (10) | 15 (37) | 3 (7) | 31 (37) | 3 (8) |
Yes | 106 (59) | 6 (55) | 9 (47) | 9 (90) | 26 (63) | 40 (93) | 52 (63) | 37 (93) |
Age at dementia onsete | 87.2 | 86.5 | 88.5 | 88.1 | 88.4 | 86.0 | 88.5 | 85.3 |
Duration of dementia | 5.2 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 6.9 |
APOE ε4f (n, %) | ||||||||
No | 126 (74) | 7 (70) | 15 (79) | 5 (56) | 19 (53) | 22 (55) | 54 (65) | 13 (33) |
Yes | 44 (26) | 3 (30) | 4 (21) | 4 (44) | 17 (47) | 18 (45) | 24 (29) | 22 (55) |