Background
Methods
Design
Measurements
Dependent variable
Independent variables
Statistical analyses
Age groups | 15-29 (N = 1,360) | 30-49 (N = 1,122) | 50+ (N = 1,119) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables
| %N | Good SRH (%) | F value (df) | %N | Good SRH % | F value (df) | %N | Good SRH (%) | F value (df) |
Socio-demographic
| |||||||||
Sex
| 7.03(1) | 16.81 (1) | 22.74(1) | ||||||
Male | 44.3 | 98.5** | 42.2 | 95.6** | 46.5 | 81.5** | |||
Female | 55.7 | 95.9 | 57.8 | 88.4 | 53.5 | 68.9 | |||
Marital status
| 0.31 (1) | 0.11 (1) | 5.03 (1) | ||||||
Married | 32.8 | 97.5 | 41.6 | 91 | 38.8 | 78.6* | |||
Unmarried | 67.2 | 96.8 | 58.4 | 91.8 | 61.2 | 72.4 | |||
Socio-economic
| |||||||||
Education (years)
| 0.98 (1) | 13.49 (1) | 8.08 (1) | ||||||
Less than 12 | 43.6 | 96.5 | 66.7 | 89.2** | 83 | 73.3** | |||
More than 12 | 56.4 | 97.5 | 33.3 | 96 | 17 | 83.6 | |||
Occupational status
| 0.98 (1) | 0.41 (1) | 0.91 (1) | ||||||
Employed | 94.7 | 97.2 | 98.2 | 91.6 | 99.5 | 74.7 | |||
Unemployed | 5.3 | 94.4 | 1.8 | 85 | 0.5 | 100 | |||
Health insurance agency
| 0.02 (1) | 2.29 (1) | 1.02 (1) | ||||||
All others | 45.2 | 96.9 | 46.4 | 92.9 | 47.5 | 76.3 | |||
IKA | 54.8 | 97.2 | 53.6 | 90.2 | 52.5 | 73.5 | |||
Home surface/person
| 0.0 (1) | 3.91 (1) | 0.01 (1) | ||||||
> 25.5 | 46.2 | 97.1 | 45.5 | 93.3* | 58.4 | 74.6 | |||
≤ 25.5 | 53.8 | 97 | 54.5 | 89.9 | 41.6 | 75.1 | |||
Disease-related
| |||||||||
Health care use (last year)
| 6.35 (1) | 25.83 (1) | 43.33 (1) | ||||||
No | 60.4 | 98.1* | 46.1 | 96.1** | 30.3 | 87.9** | |||
Yes | 39.6 | 95.5 | 53.9 | 87.4 | 69.7 | 69.1 | |||
Daily physical symptoms
| 4.47 (1) | 6.35 (1) | 30.19 (1) | ||||||
No | 22.5 | 99* | 14.3 | 96.9* | 9.6 | 97.2** | |||
Yes | 77.5 | 96.5 | 85.7 | 90.5 | 90.4 | 72.4 | |||
Disease status
| 23.36(2) | 109.74 (2) | 168.6 (2) | ||||||
Healthy | 65.8 | 98.7** | 55.6 | 97.6** | 29.8 | 93.3** | |||
At least one chronic disease | 26 | 94.7 | 24.3 | 91.5 | 27.8 | 84.4 | |||
Comorbidity | 8.2 | 92.5 | 20.1 | 74.2 | 42.4 | 55.3 | |||
Food consumption
| |||||||||
Meat (times/week)
| 0.58 (1) | 0.41 (1) | 0.46 (1) | ||||||
0-1 | 21.4 | 96.2 | 16.9 | 90 | 27 | 73.2 | |||
2 or more | 78.6 | 97.3 | 83.1 | 91.7 | 73 | 75.4 | |||
Vegetable (times/week)
| 0.0 (1) | 0.01 (1) | 0.0 (1) | ||||||
7 | 28.5 | 97.2 | 35.2 | 91.6 | 43.8 | 74.9 | |||
6 or less | 71.5 | 97 | 64.8 | 91.3 | 56.2 | 74.7 | |||
Fruit (times/week)
| 1.39 (1) | 0.0 (1) | 0.79 (1) | ||||||
7 | 35 | 97.9 | 46.9 | 91.4 | 59.5 | 75.8 | |||
6 or less | 65 | 96.6 | 53.1 | 91.4 | 40.5 | 73.3 | |||
Legume (times/week)
| 0.01 (1) | 8.9 (1) | 7.14 (1) | ||||||
At least 1 | 85.7 | 97 | 93.9 | 92.1** | 94.5 | 75.7** | |||
No consumption | 14.3 | 97.4 | 6.1 | 80.9 | 5.5 | 59.7 | |||
Fish (times/week)
| 2.4 (1) | 1.49 (1) | 0.3 (1) | ||||||
At least 2 | 18 | 98.8 | 21.7 | 89.3 | 34.1 | 75.9 | |||
1 or no consumption | 82 | 96.7 | 78.3 | 92 | 65.9 | 74.2 | |||
Lifestyle
| |||||||||
Smoking
| 7.26 (3) | 8.26 (3) | 8.47 (3) | ||||||
No | 50.7 | 98.3 | 38.3 | 94* | 54.3 | 73.5* | |||
Past | 2.8 | 94.7 | 8.2 | 88 | 17.4 | 69.7 | |||
Light (≤ 20 cigarettes) | 37.4 | 95.9 | 34.3 | 91.4 | 17.8 | 80.9 | |||
Heavy (> 20 cigarettes) | 9.1 | 96 | 19.2 | 87.9 | 10.5 | 79.5 | |||
Exercise (> 1 hour/week)
| 2.26 (1) | 0.03 (1) | 0.0 (1) | ||||||
Yes | 64.9 | 97.6 | 56 | 91.2 | 52.9 | 74.8 | |||
No | 35.1 | 96 | 44 | 91.7 | 47.1 | 74.8 | |||
Alcohol (glasses/week)
| 0.02 (1) | 0.65 (1) | 8.85 (1) | ||||||
7 or less | 88.1 | 97 | 80.7 | 91.1 | 81.1 | 72.9** | |||
Above 7 | 11.9 | 97.5 | 19.3 | 93.1 | 18.9 | 83 | |||
BMI categories
| 2.43 (2) | 9.27 (2) | 14.4 (2) | ||||||
Normal | 80 | 97.3 | 48.6 | 92.8* | 31 | 79.4** | |||
Over weight | 16.7 | 96.9 | 39 | 92 | 46.9 | 76.4 | |||
Obese | 3.3 | 93.3 | 12.4 | 84.8 | 22.1 | 66 | |||
Sleep satisfaction
| 4.51 (1) | 25.45(1) | 66.43 (1) | ||||||
Yes | 69 | 97.8* | 70 | 94.3** | 73.6 | 81.2** | |||
No | 31 | 95.5 | 30 | 84.9 | 26.4 | 56.9 | |||
Midday sleep
| 4.72 (2) | 5.01 (2) | 2.82 (2) | ||||||
No | 34 | 96.1 | 32.3 | 89.5 | 22.9 | 76.6 | |||
Always | 11.8 | 95.6 | 19.3 | 89.9 | 33.5 | 71.7 | |||
Occasionally | 54.2 | 98 | 48.4 | 93.4 | 43.6 | 76.2 | |||
Religiosity
| 0.0 (1) | 3.24 (1) | 1.78 (1) | ||||||
Yes | 4 | 96.4 | 5.8 | 84.6 | 23.5 | 71.5 | |||
No | 96 | 97.1 | 94.2 | 91.9 | 76.5 | 75.8 |
Results
Sample description and univariate analyses for good (good/very good/excellent) SRH
15-29 years olda
| 30-49 years oldb
| 50-96 years oldc
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables in main model 1 | OR (95%CI) | p | Variables in main model 2 | OR (95%CI) | p | Variables in main model 3 | OR (95%CI) | p |
Sex
|
Sex
|
Health care use (last year)
| ||||||
Male | 1 | Male | 1 | No | 1 | |||
Female | 2.26 (1.04 to 4.92) | 0.039 | Female | 2.18 (1.24 to 3.82) | 0.007 | Yes | 2.1 (1.42 to 3.1) | < 0.001 |
Health care use (last year)
|
Education (years)
|
Daily physical symptoms
| ||||||
No | 1 | Less than 12 years | 1 | No | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.99 (1.01 to 3.92) | 0.047 | More than 12 years | 0.42 (0.23 to 0.77) | 0.005 | Yes | 6.72 (2.06 to 21.91) | 0.002 |
Disease status
|
Health care use (last year)
|
Disease status
| ||||||
Healthy | 1 | No | 1 | Healthy | 1 | |||
One chronic disease | 3.76 (1.74 to 8.11) | 0.001 | Yes | 2.21 (1.26 to 3.9) | 0.006 | One chronic disease | 2.17 (1.26 to 3.72) | 0.005 |
Comorbidity | 4.85 (1.87 to 12.56) | 0.001 |
Disease status
| Comorbidity | 8.09 (5.0 to 13.09) | < 0.001 | ||
Healthy | 1 | |||||||
One chronic disease | 3.55 (1.74 to 7.25) | 0.001 | ||||||
Comorbidity | 10.07 (5.24 to 19.37) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Model characteristics | ||||||||
R square (Nagelkerke) | 0.098 | 0.252 | 0.255 | |||||
Goodness of fit Test Sig. | 0.767 | 0.311 | 0.887 | |||||
(Hosmer and Lemeshow) | ||||||||
Final model (variables adjusted for model 1)
d
|
OR (95%CI)
|
p
|
Final model (variables adjusted for model 2)
e
|
OR (95%CI)
|
p
|
Final model (variables adjusted for model 3)
f
|
OR (95%CI)
|
p
|
Exercise (> 1 hour/week)
|
Smoking
|
BMI categories
| ||||||
Yes | 1 | No | 1 | Normal | 1 | |||
No | 2.22 (1.14 to 4.33) | 0.02 | Past | 3.23 (1.35 to 7.74) | 0.009 | Overweight | 1.32 (0.9 to 1.93) | 0.153 |
Light (≤ 20 cig.) | 1.45 (0.8 to 2.62) | 0.222 | Obese | 1.83 (1.19 to 2.81) | 0.006 | |||
Heavy (> 20 cig.) | 2.56 (1.29 to 5.05) | 0.007 |
Sleep satisfaction
| |||||
Sleep satisfaction
| Yes | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 1 | No | 2.54 (1.83 to 3.54) | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 1.79 (1.1 to 2.92) | 0.019 | ||||||
Model characteristics | ||||||||
R square (Nagelkerke) | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.30 | |||||
Goodness of fit Test Sig. | 0.757 | 0.709 | 0.116 | |||||
(Hosmer and Lemeshow) |