Background
Filled pauses
Filled pauses in ASD
Methods
Participants
Overall | Boys | Girls | Sex difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 65 | 49 | 16 | 33 more boys |
Age in years | 9.96 (2.05) | 9.73 (2.16) | 10.66 (1.55) |
Z = 1.60, p = 0.10 |
DAS-II GCA | 105 (14) | 106 (14) | 104 (13) |
Z = −0.07, p = 0.95 |
Verbal | 107 (14) | 107 (14) | 106 (15) |
Z = −0.35, p = 0.73 |
Nonverbal | 106 (14) | 106 (14) | 105 (14) |
Z = −0.24, p = 0.81 |
SCQ lifetime | 19.82 (6.92) | 19.49 (7.46) | 20.81 (4.98) |
Z = −1.01, p = 0.31 |
VABS composite | 82.32 (13.22) | 83.19 (13.26) | 79.75 (13.18) |
Z = −0.85, p = 0.39 |
Communication | 87.75 (13.77) | 88.21 (14.14) | 86.38 (12.94) |
Z = −0.31, p = 0.76 |
Socialization | 77.95 (14.88) | 79.36 (15.48) | 73.81 (12.49) |
Z = −1.74, p = 0.08 |
ADOS-2 overalla
| 6.49 (2.47) | 6.55 (2.38) | 6.31 (2.80) |
Z = −0.18, p = 0.85 |
Social affect | 6.29 (2.42) | 6.29 (2.38) | 6.31 (2.63) |
Z = −0.008, p = 0.99 |
RRB | 7.08 (2.54) | 7.27 (2.32) | 6.50 (3.14) |
Z = −0.43, p = 0.67 |
Procedure
Measures
Transcription
Variables
Statistical plan
Results
Predictors of UM and UH in ASD
Average UM | Average UH | UM ratio | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Est. (se) |
z
|
p
| Est. (se) |
z
|
p
| Est. (se) |
z
|
p
| |
Intercept | −4.33 (0.27) | −16.25 | < 0.000 | −5.98 (.23) | −26.51 | < 0.000 | −0.14 (.13) | −1.09 | 0.28 |
Age | −0.21 (0.16) | −1.38 | 0.17 | −0.15 (0.12) | −1.21 | 0.23 | 0.05 (0.08) | −0.58 | 0.56 |
GCA | 0.08 (0.16) | 0.55 | 0.58 | −0.11 (0.12) | −0.95 | 0.34 | −0.04 (0.07) | 0.53 | 0.59 |
Sex | −0.50 (0.30) | −1.68 | 0.09 | 0.82 (0.24) | 3.36 | < 0.001** | −0.46 (0.15) | −3.18 | 0.001** |
SCQ | 0.08 (0.21) | 0.37 | 0.71 | −0.02 (0.16) | −0.10 | 0.92 | 0.06 (0.11) | 0.55 | 0.58 |
V Com | −0.12 (0.23) | −0.53 | 0.60 | 0.26 (0.17) | 1.47 | 0.14 | −0.08 (0.12) | −0.69 | 0.48 |
V Soc | 0.16 (0.26) | 0.62 | 0.54 | −0.69 (0.20) | −3.48 | < 0.001** | 0.29 (0.13) | 2.28 | 0.02* |
UM and UH in typical controls
Diagnostic group differences in UM and UH
Average UM | Average UH | UM ratio | Filled pause rate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (%) | SD (%) | Mean (%) | SD (%) | Mean (%) | SD (%) | Mean (%) | SD (%) | |
ASD | ||||||||
Girls | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 75 | 17 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
Boys | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 56 | 29 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
TDC | ||||||||
Girls | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 85 | 14 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
Boys | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 78 | 15 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
Filled pauses and ASD symptoms
Parsing heterogeneity in ASD
Girls | Boy UHers | Boy UMers | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 16 | 16 | 16 |
Age in years | 10.66 (1.55) | 10.05 (2.16) | 10.04 (2.33) |
IQ—full scale | 104 (13) | 105 (13) | 107 (14) |
Verbal | 106 (15) | 106 (13) | 111 (15) |
Nonverbal | 105 (14) | 106 (13) | 105 (16) |
SCQ current | 20.81 (4.98) | 19.00 (6.64) | 18.81 (6.99) |
Vineland ABC | 79.75 (13.18) | 80.06 (12.77) | 86.93 (14.44) |
Communication | 86.38 (12.94) | 86.81 (16.10) | 90.80 (14.81) |
Socialization | 73.81 (12.49) | 75.13 (14.82) | 83.13 (14.53) |
ADOS overall | 6.31 (2.80) | 7.25 (2.05) | 5.56 (2.50) |
Social affect | 6.31 (2.63) | 6.81 (2.48) | 5.63 (2.42) |
RRB | 6.50 (3.14) | 7.75 (2.11) | 6.50 (2.68) |
Specificity of filled pause differences
Girls | SD | Boys | SD |
z
| Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total word count | 1116.69 | 533.25 | 1025.51 | 472.91 | −0.61 |
p = 0.54 |
Filled pause rate | 2.04% | 1.5% | 2.27% | 1.7% | −0.20 |
p = 0.84 |
Speech rate | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.06 | −0.50 |
p = 0.62 |
Num turns | 141.56 | 45.09 | 138.08 | 58.16 | −0.43 |
p = 0.67 |
Duration of turns | 436.86 | 184.99 | 439.71 | 195.14 | −0.20 |
p = 0.84 |
Latency to respond | 0.83 | 0.45 | 0.88 | 0.33 | −0.93 |
p = 0.35 |
Pitch variation | 2.22 | 1.89 | 2.12 | 0.83 | −0.81 |
p = 0.42 |