Regular Article
Amplification and Overexpression of Cyclin D1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.2350Get rights and content

Abstract

Amplification of the chromosome 11q13 region occurs in several types of human cancer including esophageal, breast, lung, bladder and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gene cyclin D1 maps to this region in close proximity to two proto-oncogenes hst-1 and int-2. We previously demonstrated that cyclin D1 was not only amplified but also overexpressed in about 30% of human esophageal cancers. To investigate the role of cyclin D1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), DNA from 30 HCC and 5 control liver tissues from Taiwan and also the HCC cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B, were examined for amplification of the cyclin D1 gene. A 3 to 20-fold amplification was found in 4 of the 30 (13%) HCC samples but not in any of the 5 control tissues or the 2 cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin D1 indicated overexpression of this protein in tumors that displayed gene amplification. Weak or negative staining was observed in the other HCC samples as well as in the control tissues and cell lines. These data suggest that increased expression of cyclin D1 may play an important role in the development of a subset of human HCC, perhaps by perturbing normal controlof the cell cycle.

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    TP53 is commonly mutated or underexpressed in several human HCC cell lines (32), suggesting that many liver tumors are dependent on the G2 checkpoint to repair DNA damage. Additionally, abnormal expression of cell cycle regulators is believed to be a major contributor to hepatocellular carcinogenesis and progression (33-38). This vulnerability of HCC may be effectively targeted with cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors.

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