Regular ArticleCompactin Enhances Osteogenesis in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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2015, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell ResearchSmall molecules and their controlled release that induce the osteogenic/chondrogenic commitment of stem cells
2015, Biotechnology AdvancesCitation Excerpt :Statins, also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase suppressants, are widely used as cholesterol-lowering drugs because they inhibit HMG-CoA conversion to mevalonate (Horiuchi and Maeda, 2006). However, statins can also induce the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vivo and ex vivo, according to a number of reports (Garrett and Mundy, 2002; Kim et al., 2009; Maeda et al., 2001; Mundy et al., 1999; Mundy, 2001; Pagkalos et al., 2010; Phillips et al., 2001; Sonobe et al., 2005). For instance, mevinolin, which is a member of the drug class of statins, promoted the expression of OCN, CD44, CD47 and CD51 and increased the ALP activity of D1 cells that were cloned from mouse multipotent bone MSCs (Kim et al., 2009).
Exogenous nitric oxide enhances calcification in embryonic stem cell-derived osteogenic cultures
2014, DifferentiationCitation Excerpt :Each of these phases is characterized by the expression of a number of genes and distinct morphological features, and the end result is the maturation of osteoblasts and the calcification of the extracellular matrix (Davis and zur Nieden, 2008). Now that a number of groups have demonstrated differentiation of ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells into skeletal cell types (Buttery et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2001; zur Nieden et al., 2003; Sottile et al., 2003; Li and Niyibizi, 2012; Egusa et al., 2014; Kanke et al., 2014; Trettner et al., 2014), research has shifted towards the identification of factors that can improve the output of these cell types, which remains insufficient in basic osteogenic medium. For example, we have recently demonstrated that the yield of chondrocytes within differentiated cultures can be increased to 57% simply through the continuous supplementation of culture with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (zur Nieden et al., 2005).
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