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Atopic Eczema: Pathophysiological Findings as the Beginning of a New Era of Therapeutic Options

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Book cover Allergic Diseases – From Basic Mechanisms to Comprehensive Management and Prevention

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 268))

Abstract

Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic inflammatory disease hallmarked by intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. It depicts one of the most common skin diseases affecting a major part of children and several percentages of adults.

Both pathogenesis and pathophysiology are based on complex orchestrated interactions of skin barrier defects, immunological changes, the environment, and an abundance of other contributing factors. Frequently, AE displays the starting point for other allergic diseases such as allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Additionally, the risk of developing food allergy is increased. Furthermore, the disease is accompanied by a susceptibility to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. The development of new therapies received great impetus by an ample research of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to a new era in the treatment of severe atopic eczema due to targeted treatments, e.g. the IL-4R alpha specific monoclonal antibody dupilumab.

This article provides an overview of the causative and pathophysiological characteristics, the clinical and diagnostic aspects as well as current and future therapeutical possibilities focusing allergic aspects contributing to the course of the disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Stephan Traidl & Thomas Werfel

  2. Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Stephan Traidl & Thomas Werfel

  3. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

  4. Outpatient Clinic for Environmental Medicine, University Clinic Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

  5. Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

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  1. Stephan Traidl
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  2. Thomas Werfel
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Correspondence to Stephan Traidl .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Medicine, University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Augsburg, Germany

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

  2. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Torsten Zuberbier

  3. Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany

    Thomas Werfel

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Traidl, S., Werfel, T., Traidl-Hoffmann, C. (2021). Atopic Eczema: Pathophysiological Findings as the Beginning of a New Era of Therapeutic Options. In: Traidl-Hoffmann, C., Zuberbier, T., Werfel, T. (eds) Allergic Diseases – From Basic Mechanisms to Comprehensive Management and Prevention . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 268. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_492

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