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Stem Cell Heterogeneity pp 347–360Cite as

Induction of a Tumor-Metastasis-Receptive Microenvironment as an Unwanted Side Effect After Radio/Chemotherapy and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Study this Phenomenon

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1516))

Abstract

Besides surgical removal of tumor tissue, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most important and efficient treatment modalities employed to treat therapy-susceptible malignancies. The main aim of this treatment—to destroy tumor cells—is unfortunately usually associated with toxicity to nontumor cells and different degrees of tissue and organ damage. In damaged tissues several chemoattractants are upregulated and released that may attract tumor cells. Moreover, highly migratory radio/chemotherapy treatment may endow cells with several properties of cancer stem cells which survive and respond to these chemoattractants upregulated in collateral tissues. Based on this, one of the unwanted and underappreciated side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy is the creation of a metastasis-receptive microenvironment in bones as well as in other organs of the body. Herein we describe methods and assays that can be employed to study migratory properties of cancer cells in in vitro (chemotaxis) and in vivo (seeding efficiency assay) conditions in response to the induction of pro-metastatic microenvironments in various organs and tissues.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank Tomasz Jadczyk, M.D. for preparing a scheme for Figure 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 103, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Gabriela Schneider

  2. Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 104, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Zachariah Payne Sellers

  3. Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Mariusz Z. Ratajczak

Authors
  1. Gabriela Schneider
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  2. Zachariah Payne Sellers
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  3. Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriela Schneider .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Schneider, G., Sellers, Z.P., Ratajczak, M.Z. (2016). Induction of a Tumor-Metastasis-Receptive Microenvironment as an Unwanted Side Effect After Radio/Chemotherapy and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Study this Phenomenon. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1516. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2016_323

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2016_323

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6549-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6550-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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