The public health significance of sustained smoking is difficult to overstate. Worldwide, every other current smoker will prematurely die from tobacco-related diseases (Doll, Peto, Wheatley, Gray, & Sutherland, 1994; Neubauer et al., 2006). Should current trends continue, annual deaths attributable to smoking will exceed 10 million by 2025 (Mackay, Eriksen, & Shafey, 2006). Persistent smoking is the most preventable cause of disability and death; it is associated with wide-ranging adverse health effects, including heart disease, pulmonary disease, and lung and other cancers (Doll, Peto, Boreham, & Sutherland, 2005; Risch et al., 1993) in both industrialized and developing countries (Mackay, et al.).
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Rose, R.J., Broms, U., Korhonen, T., Dick, D.M., Kaprio, J. (2009). Genetics of Smoking Behavior. In: Kim, YK. (eds) Handbook of Behavior Genetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76727-7_28
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