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Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)

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STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales

Abstract

Consisting of 20 items, the scale is a modified version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and was developed to screen for depression in children. Youth respondents are asked to indicate how strongly they have felt a certain way during the past week using a Likert-type scale that ranges from “not at all” to “a lot.” Only two items on the questionnaire relate specifically to sleep or fatigue: item 7, “I was too tired to do things;” and item 11, “I didn’t sleep as well as I usually sleep.” However, research suggests there may be a biological link between sleep and depression in children [1], and clinicians may find that screening for both issues allows for more effective diagnosis and treatment.

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References

  1. Ivanenko, A., Crabtree, V. M., & Gozal, David. (2005). Sleep and depression in children and adolescents. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(2), 115–129.

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  2. Fendrich, M., Weissman, M. M., & Warner, V. (1990). Screening for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: validating the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale for children. American Journal of Epidemiology, 131(3), 538–551.

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Representative Studies Using Scale

  • Iwata, N, & Buka, S. (2002). Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms: a cross-cultural/ethnic comparison among university students in East Asia, North and South America. Social Science and Medicine, 55(12), 2243–2252.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toronto The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, 227 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada

    Azmeh Shahid M.D & Kate Wilkinson Ph.D

  2. University of Toronto The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, 227 Victoria Street, Toronto, Canada

    Shai Marcu M.D

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre, 227 Victoria Street, M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada

    Colin M. Shapiro MBChB., Ph.D., MRCPsych, FRCP(C)

Authors
  1. Azmeh Shahid M.D
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  2. Kate Wilkinson Ph.D
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  3. Shai Marcu M.D
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  4. Colin M. Shapiro MBChB., Ph.D., MRCPsych, FRCP(C)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Azmeh Shahid M.D .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toronto, Psychiatry, Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Cen, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, M5B 1TB, Canada

    Azmeh Shahid

  2. Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Cen, University of Toronto, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, M5B 1TB, Canada

    Kate Wilkinson

  3. The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep, University of Toronto, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, Canada

    Shai Marcu

  4. , Department of Psychiatry, The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep, 227 Victoria St., Toronto, M5B 1T8, Canada

    Colin M Shapiro

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Shahid, A., Wilkinson, K., Marcu, S., Shapiro, C.M. (2011). Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). In: Shahid, A., Wilkinson, K., Marcu, S., Shapiro, C. (eds) STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9892-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9893-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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