Abstract
The idea that basic science should be the starting point for modern clinical approaches has been consolidated over the years, and emerged as the cornerstone of Molecular Medicine. Nevertheless, there is increasing concern over the low efficiency and inherent costs related to the translation of achievements from the bench to the bedside. These burdens are also perceived with respect to the effectiveness of translating basic discoveries in stem cell biology to the newly developing field of advanced cell therapy or Regenerative Medicine. As an alternative paradigm, past and recent history in Medical Science provides remarkable reverse stories in which clinical observations at the patient’s bedside have fed major advances in basic research which, in turn, led to consistent progression in clinical practice. Within this context, we discuss our recently developed method and device, which forms the core of a system (Lipogems) for processing of human adipose tissue solely with the aid of mild mechanical forces to yield a microfractured tissue product.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gallo RC, Montagnier L (2003) The discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS. N Engl J Med 349:2283–2285
Clements JA (1997) Lung surfactant: a personal perspective. Annu Rev Physiol 59:1–21
Clements JA, Avery ME (1998) Lung surfactant and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157(4 Pt 2):S59–S66
Jensen EV, Jordan VC (2003) The estrogen receptor: a model for molecular medicine. Clin Cancer Res 9:1980–1989
Turer AT, Hill JA, Elmquist JK et al (2012) Adipose tissue biology and cardiomyopathy: translational implications. Circ Res 111:1565–1577
Bianchi F, Maioli M, Leonardi E et al (2013) A new nonenzymatic method and device to obtain a fat tissue derivative highly enriched in pericyte-like elements by mild mechanical forces from human lipoaspirates. Cell Transplant 22:2063–2077
Rigotti G, Marchi A, Galiè M et al (2007) Clinical treatment of radiotherapy tissue damage by lipoaspirate transplant: a healing process mediated by adipose-derived adult stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:1409–1422
Coleman SR (2006) Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(3 Suppl):108S–120S
Reckhenrich AK, Kirsch BM, Wahl EA et al (2014) Surgical sutures filled with adipose-derived stem cells promote wound healing. PLoS One 9, e91169
Tremolada C, Palmieri G, Ricordi C (2010) Adipocyte transplantation and stem cells: plastic surgery meets regenerative medicine. Cell Transplant 19:1217–1223
Giori A, Tremolada C, Vailati R et al (2015) Recovery of Function in Anal Incontinence after Micro-Fragmented Fat Graft (Lipogems®) Injection: Two Years Follow Up of the First 5 Cases. CellR4 3 (2): e1544
Olson LE, Soriano P (2011) PDGFRβ signaling regulates mural cell plasticity and inhibits fat development. Dev Cell 20:815–826
Yoshimura K, Shigeura T, Matsumoto D et al (2006) Characterization of freshly isolated and cultured cells derived from the fatty and fluid portions of liposuction aspirates. J Cell Physiol 208:64–76
Zimmerlin L, Donnenberg VS, Pfeifer ME et al (2010) Stromal vascular progenitors in adult human adipose tissue. Cytometry A 77:22–30
Carelli S, Messaggio F, Canazza A et al (2015) Characteristics and properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from micro-fragmented adipose tissue. Cell Transplant 24(7):1233–1252
Bosetti M, Borrone A, Follenzi A et al (2015) Human lipoaspirate as autologous injectable active scaffold for one-step repair of cartilage defects. Cell Transplant, Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Ventura C, Maioli M (2000) Opioid peptide gene expression primes cardiogenesis in embryonal pluripotent stem cells. Circ Res 87:189–194
Ventura C, Zinellu E, Maninchedda E, Maioli M (2003) Dynorphin B is an agonist of nuclear opioid receptors coupling nuclear protein kinase C activation to the transcription of cardiogenic genes in GTR1 embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 92:623–629
Ventura C, Zinellu E, Maninchedda E et al (2003) Protein kinase C signaling transduces endorphin-primed cardiogenesis in GTR1 embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 92:617–622
Ventura C, Maioli M, Asara Y et al (2004) Butyric and retinoic mixed ester of hyaluronan: a novel differentiating glycoconjugate affording a high-throughput of cardiogenesis in embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 279:23574–23579
Ventura C, Cantoni S, Bianchi F et al (2007) Hyaluronan mixed esters of butyric and retinoic acid drive cardiac and endothelial fate in term placenta human mesenchymal stem cells and enhance cardiac repair in infarcted rat hearts. J Biol Chem 282:14243–14252
Lionetti V, Cantoni S, Cavallini C et al (2010) Hyaluronan mixed esters of butyric and retinoic acid affording myocardial survival and repair without stem cell transplantation. J Biol Chem 285:9949–9961
Maioli M, Santaniello S, Montella A et al (2010) Hyaluronan esters drive Smad gene expression and signaling enhancing cardiogenesis in mouse embryonic and human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 5(11), e15151
Ventura C, Maioli M, Pintus G (2000) Elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells. Cardiovasc Res 45:1054–1064
Ventura C, Maioli M, Asara Y et al (2005) Turning on stem cell cardiogenesis with extremely low frequency magnetic fields. FASEB J 19:155–157
Maioli M, Rinaldi S, Santaniello S et al (2012) Radiofrequency energy loop primes cardiac, neuronal, and skeletal muscle differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells: a new tool for improving tissue regeneration. Cell Transplant 21:1225–1233
Maioli M, Rinaldi S, Santaniello S et al (2014) Radio electric asymmetric conveyed fields and human adipose-derived stem cells obtained with a non-enzymatic method and device: a novel approach to multipotency. Cell Transplant 23(12):1489–1500
Cavallari G, Olivi E, Bianchi F et al (2012) Mesenchymal stem cells and islet cotransplantation in diabetic rats: improved islet graft revascularization and function by human adipose tissue-derived stem cells preconditioned with natural molecules. Cell Transplant 21:2771–2781
Castagna A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S et al (2011) Radio electric tissue optimization in the treatment of surgical wounds. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 4:133–137
Fontani V, Castagna A, Mannu P et al (2011) Radioelectric asymmetric stimulation of tissues as treatment for post-traumatic injury symptoms. Int J Gen Med 4:627–634
Yoon DS, Kim YH, Jung HS et al (2011) Importance of Sox2 in maintenance of cell proliferation and multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells in low-density culture. Cell Prolif 44:428–440
Baal N, Reisinger K, Jahr H et al (2004) Expression of transcription factor Oct-4 and other embryonic genes in CD133 positive cells from human umbilical cord blood. Thromb Haemost 92:767–775
Goodell MA (2003) Stem-cell “plasticity”: befuddled by the muddle. Curr Opin Hematol 10:208–213
Lang KC, Lin IH, Teng HF et al (2009) Simultaneous overexpression of Oct4 and Nanog abrogates terminal myogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297:C43–C54
Park SB, Seo KW, So AY et al (2012) SOX2 has a crucial role in the lineage determination and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells through Dickkopf-1 and c-MYC. Cell Death Differ 19:534–545
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Tremolada, C., Ricordi, C., Caplan, A.I., Ventura, C. (2016). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lipogems, a Reverse Story: from Clinical Practice to Basic Science. In: Gnecchi, M. (eds) Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1416. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3582-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3584-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols