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Operative Neuromodulation pp 451–462Cite as

Auditory cortex stimulation for tinnitus

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Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 97/2))

Abstract

Functional imaging techniques have demonstrated a relationship between the intensity of tinnitus and the degree of reorganization of the primary auditory cortex. Studies in experimental animals and humans have revealed that tinnitus is associated with a synchronized hyperactivity in the auditory cortex and proposed that the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is thalamocortical dysrhythmia; hence, decreased auditory stimulation results in decreased firing rate, and decreased lateral inhibition. Consequently, the surrounding brain area becomes hyperactive, firing at gamma band rates; this is considered a necessary precondition of auditory consciousness, and also tinnitus. Synchronization of the gamma band activity could possibly induce a topographical reorganization based on Hebbian mechanisms. Therefore, it seems logical to try to suppress tinnitus by modifying the tinnitus-related auditory cortex reorganization and hyperactivity. This can be achieved using neuronavigation- guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is capable of modulating cortical activity. If TMS is capable of suppressing tinnitus, the effect should be maintained by implanting electrodes over the area of electrophysiological signal abnormality on the auditory cortex. The results in the first patients treated by auditory cortex stimulation demonstrate a statistically significant tinnitus suppression in cases of unilateral pure tone tinnitus without suppression of white or narrow band noise. Hence, auditory cortex stimulation could become a physiologically guided treatment for a selected category of patients with severe tinnitus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium

    Dirk De Ridder, G. De Mulder, K. Van der Kelen & P. Van de Heyning

  2. Department of Psychology, Free University Brussels, Belgium

    E. Verstraeten

  3. Department of Radiology, University Hospital Louvain, Belgium

    S. Sunaert & S. Kovacs

  4. School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, USA

    A. Moller

  5. Department of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA

    M. Seidman & K. Elisevich

Authors
  1. Dirk De Ridder
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  2. G. De Mulder
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  3. E. Verstraeten
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  4. M. Seidman
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  5. K. Elisevich
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  6. S. Sunaert
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  7. S. Kovacs
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  8. K. Van der Kelen
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  9. P. Van de Heyning
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  10. A. Moller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dirk De Ridder .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Damianos E. Sakas

  2. University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

    Brian A. Simpson

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag

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De Ridder, D. et al. (2007). Auditory cortex stimulation for tinnitus. In: Sakas, D.E., Simpson, B.A. (eds) Operative Neuromodulation. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 97/2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_52

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_52

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-33080-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-33081-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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