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Bioactive Phytochemicals from Canadian Boreal Forest Species Used Traditionally by Eastern James Bay Cree Aboriginals to Treat Diabetes Mellitus

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Phytochemicals – Biosynthesis, Function and Application

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 44))

Abstract

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and sensitivity, and is more pronounced among some indigenous populations due to their transition from traditional to modern diets, as well as their cultural disconnection from modern pharmacological treatment regimes. This is the case for the Cree Nations of Eeyou Istchee (CEI) of northern Quebec, where the age-adjusted prevalence of disease reached 29 %. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines is a multidisciplinary team aimed at alleviating the impact of this disease in the CEI by using a culturally adapted approach. A quantitative ethnobotanical study of traditional medicines conducted by our team in collaboration with Healers and Elders resulted in the identification of several potential antidiabetic plants. The crude extracts of these plants were tested in a comprehensive platform of in vitro bioassays designed to detect potential antidiabetic biological activities including: stimulation of glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells and potentiation of differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. These procedures allowed us to identify the most significant species from the biological activity viewpoint, and they were considered for further phytochemical characterization. The present report provides a comprehensive summary of the major biological activities and phytochemistry of these key Canadian boreal forest plants that demonstrated significant ethnobotanical evidence of antidiabetic activity and associated symptoms.

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Abbreviations

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

COSY:

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy

DEPT:

Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer

NOESY:

Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy

HMQC:

Heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation spectroscopy

HMBC:

Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy

HRMS:

High resolution mass spectrometry

UV:

Ultraviolet spectroscopy

IR:

Infrared spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Team Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines) to PSH, JTA and AC and was conducted with the consent and support of the Cree communities of Mistissini, Whapmagoostui, Nemaska, Waskaganish, Weminji and Oujé-Bougoumou as well as of the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay (Quebec, Canada). Very special thanks are due to Elizabeth Coon Come, Mable Gunner, Charlotte Husky Swallow, Johnny Husky Swallow, Ronny Loon and Girty Loon from the Cree Nation of Mistissini, to Eliza Kawapit, Abraham Mamianskum, Andrew Natachequan, Maggie Natachequan and John Petagumskum from Whapmagoostui First Nation, as well as 54 other Elders and Healers who kindly agreed to be interviewed. They made this manuscript possible by allowing us to use, for the purposes of this research, their knowledge relating to medicinal plants, transmitted to them by their Elders. Their trust has also enabled a useful exchange between Indigenous knowledge and Western science. We also wish to dedicate this paper to the memory of the Elders that have passed away in the course of this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    José A. Guerrero-Analco, Asim Muhammad, Ammar Saleem, Paleah Black & John T. Arnason

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Louis C. Martineau, Lina Musallam, Hoda M. Eid, Nan Shang & Pierre S. Haddad

  3. Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, H3T 1J4, Montréal, QC, Canada

    José A. Guerrero-Analco, Asim Muhammad, Ammar Saleem, Louis C. Martineau, Lina Musallam, Hoda M. Eid, Nan Shang, Alain Currier, Pierre S. Haddad & John T. Arnason

  4. Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Louis C. Martineau, Lina Musallam, Hoda M. Eid, Nan Shang, Pierre S. Haddad & John T. Arnason

  5. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal, Université de Montréal, H1X 2B2, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Alain Currier

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  1. José A. Guerrero-Analco
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  2. Asim Muhammad
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  3. Ammar Saleem
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  4. Louis C. Martineau
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  5. Lina Musallam
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  6. Hoda M. Eid
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  7. Nan Shang
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  8. Paleah Black
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  9. Alain Currier
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  10. Pierre S. Haddad
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  11. John T. Arnason
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Correspondence to John T. Arnason .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Reinhard Jetter

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Guerrero-Analco, J. et al. (2014). Bioactive Phytochemicals from Canadian Boreal Forest Species Used Traditionally by Eastern James Bay Cree Aboriginals to Treat Diabetes Mellitus. In: Jetter, R. (eds) Phytochemicals – Biosynthesis, Function and Application. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04045-5_4

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