Demographics of Cancer in the Reproductive Age Female

Abstract

Cancer in reproductive age women represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of cancer in this age group whether it entails chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgical resection often results in survivors with impaired or absent reproductive potential without assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although primary treatment goals are swift diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the primary malignancy, a strong factor in long-term emotional well-being of cancer survivors is the ability to parent a child. To achieve this goal requires a working knowledge of common malignancies faced in this age group, their treatments at various stages of disease, the treatment’s impact on fertility, and the therapeutic options available to patients for fertility preservation and restoration. Ultimately, a collaborative, multidisciplinary team approach will provide optimal management. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of common cancers in women of reproductive age and includes: breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Their prevalence and common treatment strategies are discussed.