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HPV Integration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Cause and Consequence

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HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 206))

Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a necessary cause of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and a subgroup of head and neck SCC, i.e., those originating in the oropharynx. The key events in high-risk HPV (HRHPV)-associated neoplastic progression include persistent infection, deregulated expression of virus early genes in basal epithelial cells, local immune suppression and the accumulation of chromosomal alterations. Evidence for these events particularly comes from studies of uterine cervical carcinogenesis; primary premalignant HRHPV-positive lesions of the head and neck mucosa are seldomly detected. Integration of virus DNA into host chromosomes is considered an important driver of carcinogenesis and observed in 40 up to 90 % of uterine cervical SCC (UCSCC) and oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), dependent on the integration detection method used and HRHPV type. In OPSCC, > 90 % HPV-positive tumors are infected with HPV16. Ten up to 60 % of HPV-positive tumors thus contain extrachromosomal (episomal) virus. In this chapter, causes and consequences of HPV integration are summarized from the literature, with special focus on the site of HPV integration in the cellular genome, and its effect on expression of viral oncogenes (particularly E6 and E7), on human (tumor) gene expression and on deregulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling pathways. Also data on DNA methylation, viral load and clinical outcome in relation to HPV integration are provided.

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  1. Unit Molecular Oncopathology & Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Ernst Jan M. Speel

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Correspondence to Ernst Jan M. Speel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznań, Poland

    Wojciech Golusiński

  2. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center/Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    C. René Leemans

  3. Dept. of Head Medicine and Oral Health, University of Leipzig Clinic of Otolaryngology, Leipzig, Germany

    Andreas Dietz

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Speel, E.J.M. (2017). HPV Integration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Cause and Consequence. In: Golusiński, W., Leemans, C., Dietz, A. (eds) HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 206. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_4

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