Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evidence-Based Decision Making in Dentistry: The Endodontic Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Evidence-Based Decision Making in Dentistry

Abstract

Contemporary dentistry advocates that every reasonable effort should be made in order to preserve natural teeth. Implementation of principles of evidence-based dentistry in endodontics enables the practitioner to provide the patient with the best available treatment in each clinical scenario. Modern techniques and devices in contemporary endodontic practice allow for prevention and early identification and management of complications such as vertical root fractures, perforations, and root resorption. With a proper case selection, teeth that were traditionally planned for extraction can be successfully treated either nonsurgically or by endodontic surgery with a high success rate.

This chapter is aimed to present the endodontic perspective in the clinical decision-making process regarding the management and preservation of natural teeth. Endodontic case selection, treatment planning and long-term prognosis, contemporary endodontic technologies and treatment modalities, and decision-making considerations regarding the diagnosis and management of endodontic complications will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tsesis I, Taschieri S, Slutzky-Goldberg I. Contemporary endodontic treatment. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:231362.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Tsesis I, Nemkowsky CE, Tamse E, Rosen E. Preserving the natural tooth versus extraction and implant placement: making a rational clinical decision. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim. 2010;27(1):37–46, 75.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tsesis I, Rosenberg E, Faivishevsky V, Kfir A, Katz M, Rosen E. Prevalence and associated periodontal status of teeth with root perforation: a retrospective study of 2,002 patients’ medical records. J Endod. 2010;36(5):797–800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Strindberg LZ. The dependence of the results of pulp therapy on certain factors: an analytic study based on radiographic and clinical follow-up examinations. Acta Odont Scand. 1956;14(Suppl):1–175.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tsesis I. Complications in endodontic surgery: prevention, identification and management. Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Isaacs D, Fitzgerald D. Seven alternatives to evidence based medicine. BMJ. 1999;319(7225):1618.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Gutmann JL. Evidence-based/guest editorial. J Endod. 2009;35:1093.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mileman PA, van den Hout WB. Evidence-based diagnosis and clinical decision making. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38(1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rosenberg W, Donald A. Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem-solving. BMJ. 1995;310(6987):1122–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Sutherland SE, Matthews DC. Conducting systematic reviews and creating clinical practice guidelines in dentistry: lessons learned. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(6):747–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Iqbal MK, Kim S. A review of factors influencing treatment planning decisions of single-tooth implants versus preserving natural teeth with nonsurgical endodontic therapy. J Endod. 2008;34(5):519–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. ENDODONTICS: Colleagues for Excellence; Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment and Referral; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. Tooth survival following non-surgical root canal treatment: a systematic review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2010;43(3):171–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ricucci D. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 1. Literature review. Int Endod J. 1998;31(6):384–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Glossary of evidence-based terms. J Evid Base Dent Pract. 2007;45–9.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod. 1990;16(10):498–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chugal NM, Clive JM, Spangberg LS. Endodontic infection: some biologic and treatment factors associated with outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96(1):81–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Georgopoulou M, Anastassiadis P, Sykaras S. Pain after chemomechanical preparation. Int Endod J. 1986;19(6):309–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gutierrez JH, Aguayo P. Apical foraminal openings in human teeth. Number and location. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79(6):769–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tsesis I, Blazer T, Ben-Izhack G, Taschieri S, Del-Fabbro M, Corbella S. The precision of electronic apex locators in working length determination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Endod. 2015;41(11):1818–23.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nekoofar MH, Ghandi MM, Hayes SJ, Dummer PM. The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices. Int Endod J. 2006;39(8):595–609.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Weinstein T, Rosen E, Tsesis I. Magnification in modern endodontic practice. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim (1993). 2010;27(3):22, 61.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Testori T, Weinstein R. Microscope versus endoscope in root-end management: a randomized controlled study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;37(11):1022–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bahcall JK. Visual enhancement. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC, editors. Ingle's endodontics. 6. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc; 2008. p. 870–6.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tsesis I, Faivishevsky V, Kfir A, Rosen E. Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment performed by a modern technique: a meta-analysis of literature. J Endod. 2009;35(11):1505–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Taschieri S, Telishevsky Strauss Y, Ceresoli V, Del Fabbro M. Outcomes of surgical endodontic treatment performed by a modern technique: an updated meta-analysis of the literature. J Endod. 2013;39(3):332–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Dugas NN, Lawrence HP, Teplitsky PE, Pharoah MJ, Friedman S. Periapical health and treatment quality assessment of root-filled teeth in two Canadian populations. Int Endod J. 2003;36(3):181–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Weine FS, Healey HJ, Gerstein H, Evanson L. Canal configuration in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar and its endodontic significance. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1969;28(3):419–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wolcott J, Ishley D, Kennedy W, Johnson S, Minnich S. Clinical investigation of second mesiobuccal canals in endodontically treated and retreated maxillary molars. J Endod. 2002;28(6):477–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Del Fabbro M, Taschieri S, Lodi G, Banfi G, Weinstein RL. Magnification devices for endodontic therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD005969.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Del Fabbro M, Taschieri S. Endodontic therapy using magnification devices: a systematic review. J Dent. 2010;38:269–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rosen E, Azizi H, Friedlander C, Taschieri S, Tsesis I. Radiographic identification of separated instruments retained in the apical third of root canal-filled teeth. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1549–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tewary S, Luzzo J, Hartwell G. Endodontic radiography: who is reading the digital radiograph? J Endod. 2011;37(7):919–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Baksi BG, Sen BH, Eyuboglu TF. Differences in aluminum equivalent values of endodontic sealers: conventional versus digital radiography. J Endod. 2008;34(9):1101–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Akcay I, Ilhan B, Dundar N. Comparison of conventional and digital radiography systems with regard to radiopacity of root canal filling materials. Int Endod J. 2012;45(8):730–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Rosen E, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Beitlitum I, Tsesis I. The diagnostic efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics: a systematic review and analysis by a hierarchical model of efficacy. J Endod. 2015;41(7):1008–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ee J, Fayad MI, Johnson BR. Comparison of endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning decisions using cone-beam volumetric tomography versus periapical radiography. J Endod. 2014;40(7):910–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. AAE, AAOMR, editors. AAE and AAOMR joint position statement – use of cone-beam-computed tomography in endodontics. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pinsky HM, Dyda S, Pinsky RW, Misch KA, Sarment DP. Accuracy of three-dimensional measurements using cone-beam CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35(6):410–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dailey B, Mines P, Anderson A, M. S, editors. The use of cone beam computer tomography in endodontics: results of a questionnaire. AAE Annual Session abstract presentation; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Shemesh H, Roig M, Lemberg K. Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics - a review. Int Endod J. 2015;48(1):3–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Salehrabi R, Rotstein I. Endodontic treatment outcomes in a large patient population in the USA: an epidemiological study. J Endod. 2004;30(12):846–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tsesis I, Goldberger T, Taschieri S, Seifan M, Tamse A, Rosen E. The dynamics of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth that are left without intervention: a longitudinal study. J Endod. 2013;39(12):1510–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. De Moor RJ, Hommez GM, De Boever JG, Delme KI, Martens GE. Periapical health related to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian population. Int Endod J. 2000;33(2):113–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Georgopoulou MK, Spanaki-Voreadi AP, Pantazis N, Kontakiotis EG. Frequency and distribution of root filled teeth and apical periodontitis in a Greek population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(2):105–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kabak Y, Abbott PV. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Belarusian population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(4):238–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bystrom A, Happonen RP, Sjogren U, Sundqvist G. Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1987;3(2):58–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lin LM, Skribner JE, Gaengler P. Factors associated with endodontic treatment failures. J Endod. 1992;18(12):625–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Nair PN, Sjogren U, Krey G, Kahnberg KE, Sundqvist G. Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study. J Endod. 1990;16(12):580–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Saunders WP, Saunders EM. Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root-canal therapy: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1994;10(3):105–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Siqueira Jr JF. Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. Int Endod J. 2001;34(1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sjogren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1997;30(5):297–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J. 1995;28(1):12–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD. In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 1990;16(12):566–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ricucci D, Bergenholtz G. Bacterial status in root-filled teeth exposed to the oral environment by loss of restoration and fracture or caries--a histobacteriological study of treated cases. Int Endod J. 2003;36(11):787–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tronstad L, Asbjornsen K, Doving L, Pedersen I, Eriksen HM. Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2000;16(5):218–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kojima K, Inamoto K, Nagamatsu K, Hara A, Nakata K, Morita I, et al. Success rate of endodontic treatment of teeth with vital and nonvital pulps. A meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97(1):95–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Nair PN. On the causes of persistent apical periodontitis: a review. Int Endod J. 2006;39(4):249–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Stoll R, Betke K, Stachniss V. The influence of different factors on the survival of root canal fillings: a 10-year retrospective study. J Endod. 2005;31(11):783–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Doyle SL, Hodges JS, Pesun IJ, Baisden MK, Bowles WR. Factors affecting outcomes for single-tooth implants and endodontic restorations. J Endod. 2007;33(4):399–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Zitzmann NU, Krastl G, Hecker H, Walter C, Weiger R. Endodontics or implants? A review of decisive criteria and guidelines for single tooth restorations and full arch reconstructions. Int Endod J. 2009;42(9):757–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Eriksen HM, Kirkevang LL, Petersson K. Endodontic epidemiology and treatment outcome: general considerations. Endod Topics. 2002;7:1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kvist T. Endodontic retreatment. Aspects of decision making and clinical outcome. Swed Dent J Suppl. 2001;144:1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wolcott J, Meyers J. Endodontic re-treatment or implants: a contemporary conundrum. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2006;27(2):104–10; quiz 11–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Zwahlen M, Renehan A, Egger M. Meta-analysis in medical research: potentials and limitations. Urol Oncol. 2008;26(3):320–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. Outcome of secondary root canal treatment: a systematic review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2008;41(12):1026–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Gorni FG, Gagliani MM. The outcome of endodontic retreatment: a 2-yr follow-up. J Endod. 2004;30(1):1–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Kim S, Kratchman S. Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a review. J Endod. 2006;32(7):601–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Schwartz-Arad D, Fuss Z. Retrospective evaluation of surgical endodontic treatment: traditional versus modern technique. J Endod. 2006;32(5):412–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Johnson BR. Periradicular surgery. In: Cohen S, editor. Pathways of the pulp, vol. 9. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. p. 724–85.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Gutmann JLHJ. Surgical endodontics. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Allen RK, Newton CW, Brown Jr CE. A statistical analysis of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic retreatment cases. J Endod. 1989;15(6):261–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. SF. Treatment outcome and prognosis of endodontic therapy. In: D Ø, editors. Essential endodontology: prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1998. p. 367–401.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Carr G. Advanced techniques and visual enhancement for endodontic surgery. Endod Rep. 1992;7(1):6–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Rubinstein RAKS. Short-term observation of the results of endodontic surgery with the use of surgical operation microscope and Super-EBA as root end filling material. J Endod. 1999;25:43–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. American association of endodontics. Cracking the cracked tooth code: detection and treatment of various longitudinal tooth fractures. Colleagues for excellence, Summer 2008; Chicago: American association of endodontics.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Tsesis I, Beitlitum I, Rosen E. Treatment alternatives for the preservation of vertically root fractured teeth. In: Tamse A, Tsesis I, Rosen E, editors. Vertical root fractures in dentistry. Cham: Springer; 2015. p. 97–109.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  78. Rosen E, Tsesis I, Tamse A, Bjorndal L, Taschieri S, Givol N. Medico-legal aspects of vertical root fractures in root filled teeth. Int Endod J. 2012;45(1):7–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Kfir A. Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth based on clinical and radiographic indices: a systematic review. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1455–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Tamse A. Vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth: diagnostic signs and clinical management. Endod Topics. 2006;13(1):84–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Taschieri S, Tamse A, Del Fabbro M, Rosano G, Tsesis I. A new surgical technique for preservation of endodontically treated teeth with coronally located vertical root fractures: a prospective case series. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;110(6):e45–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Lin LM, Langeland K. Vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1982;8(12):558–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Meister Jr F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;49(3):243–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Pitts DL, Natkin E. Diagnosis and treatment of vertical root fractures. J Endod. 1983;9(8):338–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Arikan F, Franko M, Gurkan A. Replantation of a vertically fractured maxillary central incisor after repair with adhesive resin. Int Endod J. 2008;41(2):173–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kawai K, Masaka N. Vertical root fracture treated by bonding fragments and rotational replantation. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(1):42–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Hayashi M, Kinomoto Y, Takeshige F, Ebisu S. Prognosis of intentional replantation of vertically fractured roots reconstructed with dentin-bonded resin. J Endod. 2004;30(3):145–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Floratos SG, Kratchman SI. Surgical management of vertical root fractures for posterior teeth: report of four cases. J Endod. 2012;38(4):550–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33(2):81–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kim S, Baek S. The microscope and endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2004;48(1):11–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 1999;25(3):197–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Torabinejad M, Goodacre CJ. Endodontic or dental implant therapy: the factors affecting treatment planning. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137(7):973–7; quiz 1027–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Torabinejad M, Lozada J, Puterman I, White SN. Endodontic therapy or single tooth implant? A systematic review. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2008;36(6):429–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. White SN, Miklus VG, Potter KS, Cho J, Ngan AY. Endodontics and implants, a catalog of therapeutic contrasts. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2006;6(1):101–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Iqbal MK, Kim S. For teeth requiring endodontic treatment, what are the differences in outcomes of restored endodontically treated teeth compared to implant-supported restorations? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22(Suppl):96–116.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Grossmann Y, Sadan A. The prosthodontic concept of crown-to-root ratio: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93(6):559–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Park SY, Shin SY, Yang SM, Kye SB. Factors influencing the outcome of root-resection therapy in molars: a 10-year retrospective study. J Periodontol. 2009;80(1):32–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Palumbo A. The anatomy and physiology of the healthy periodontium. In: Panagakos F, editor. Gingival diseases – their aetiology, prevention and treatment: In Tech. Open Access Publisher; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Avila G, Galindo-Moreno P, Soehren S, Misch CE, Morelli T, Wang HL. A novel decision-making process for tooth retention or extraction. J Periodontol. 2009;80(3):476–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Cohen S, Blanco L, Berman L. Vertical root fractures: clinical and radiographic diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134(4):434–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. J Endod. 2001;27(1):46–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Moule AJ, Kahler B. Diagnosis and management of teeth with vertical root fractures. Aust Dent J. 1999;44(2):75–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Sedgley CM, Messer HH. Are endodontically treated teeth more brittle? J Endod. 1992;18(7):332–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Tamse A. Iatrogenic vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1988;4(5):190–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Tamse A, Fuss Z, Lustig J, Ganor Y, Kaffe I. Radiographic features of vertically fractured, endodontically treated maxillary premolars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(3):348–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Tamse A, Fuss Z, Lustig J, Kaplavi J. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertically fractured teeth. J Endod. 1999;25(7):506–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Lazarski MP, Walker 3rd WA, Flores CM, Schindler WG, Hargreaves KM. Epidemiological evaluation of the outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment in a large cohort of insured dental patients. J Endod. 2001;27(12):791–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Barkhordar RA. Treatment of vertical root fracture: a case report. Quintessence Int. 1991;22(9):707–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Cuoghi OA, Bosco AF, de Mendonca MR, Tondelli PM, Miranda-Zamalloa YM. Multidisciplinary treatment of a fractured root: a case report. Aust Orthod J. 2010;26(1):90–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Funato A, Funato H, Matsumoto K. Treatment of a vertical root fracture. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1999;15(1):46–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Hadrossek PH, Dammaschke T. New treatment option for an incomplete vertical root fracture--a preliminary case report. Head Face Med. 2014;10:9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  113. da Silva EJ NL, Romao Dos Santos G, Liess Krebs R, Coutinho-Filho Tde S. Surgical alternative for treatment of vertical root fracture: a case report. Iran Endod J. 2012;7(1):40–4.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Ozturk M, Unal GC. A successful treatment of vertical root fracture: a case report and 4-year follow-up. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24(5):e56–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. American Association of Endodontists. Glossary of endodontic terms. 7th ed. Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Regan JD, Witherspoon DE, Foyle DM. Surgical repair of root and tooth perforations. Endod Topics. 2005;11(1):152–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Sinai IH. Endodontic perforations: their prognosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1977;95(1):90–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Wu MK, van der Sluis LW, Wesselink PR. The risk of furcal perforation in mandibular molars using Gates-Glidden drills with anticurvature pressure. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(3):378–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Kvinnsland I, Oswald RJ, Halse A, Gronningsaeter AG. A clinical and roentgenological study of 55 cases of root perforation. Int Endod J. 1989;22(2):75–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Eleftheriadis GI, Lambrianidis TP. Technical quality of root canal treatment and detection of iatrogenic errors in an undergraduate dental clinic. Int Endod J. 2005;38:725–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Fuss Z, Trope M. Root perforations: classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996;12(6):255–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Seltzer S, Sinai I, August D. Periodontal effects of root perforations before and during endodontic procedures. J Dent Res. 1970;49(2):332–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. de Chevigny C, Dao TT, Basrani BR, Marquis V, Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, et al. Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study--phases 3 and 4: orthograde retreatment. J Endod. 2008;34(2):131–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Gordon MP, Chandler NP. Electronic apex locators. Int Endod J. 2004;37(7):425–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Hashem AA, ProRoot HEE, MTA. MTA-Angelus and IRM used to repair large furcation perforations: sealability study. J Endod. 2008;34(1):59–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Ibarrola JL, Biggs SG, Beeson TJ. Repair of a large furcation perforation: a four-year follow-up. J Endod. 2008;34(5):617–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Pace R, Giuliani V, Pagavino G. Mineral trioxide aggregate as repair material for furcal perforation: case series. J Endod. 2008;34(9):1130–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Vertucci FJ HJ, Britto LR. Pathways of the pulp. In: Cohen SHK, editor. Tooth morphology and access cavity preparation. 9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2006. p. 149–50.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Shemesh H, Cristescu RC, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. The use of cone-beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiographs to diagnose root perforations. J Endod. 2011;37(4):513–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Shokri A, Eskandarloo A, Noruzi-Gangachin M, Khajeh S. Detection of root perforations using conventional and digital intraoral radiography, multidetector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40(1):58–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Smith J, Freedman I, Nazimov H. Endodontic failures--an analysis based on clinical, roentgenographic, and histologic findings. II. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967;23(4):517–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Smith J, Freedman I, Nazimov H. Endodontic failures--an analysis based on clinical, roentgenographic, and histologic findings. I. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967;23(4):500–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Bender IB, Seltzer S. The effect of periodontal disease on the pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;33(3):458–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Lantelme RL, Handelman SL, Herbison RJ. Dentin formation in periodontally diseased teeth. J Dent Res. 1976;55(1):48–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Newton CW, Gary CJ. Geriatric endodontics. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves K, editors. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2006. p. 883–917.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Stanley HR, White CL, McCray L. The rate of tertiary (reparative) dentine formation in the human tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1966;21(2):180–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Cimilli H, Mumcu G, Cimilli T, Kartal N, Wesselink P. The correlation between root canal patterns and interorificial distance in mandibular first molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102(2):e16–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Kartal N, Cimilli HK. The degrees and configurations of mesial canal curvatures of mandibular first molars. J Endod. 1997;23(6):358–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Ruddle C. Cleaning and shaping the root canal system. In: Cohen SBR, editor. Pathways of the pulp. 8th ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby; 2002. p. 231–93.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Bower RC. Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation root surface anatomy. J Periodontol. 1979;50(7):366–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Alhadainy HA. Root perforations. A review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;78(3):368–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Beavers RA, Bergenholtz G, Cox CF. Periodontal wound healing following intentional root perforations in permanent teeth of Macaca mulatta. Int Endod J. 1986;19(1):36–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Petersson K, Hasselgren G, Tronstad L. Endodontic treatment of experimental root perforations in dog teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1(1):22–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Meister Jr F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H, Davies EE. Endodontic perforations which resulted in alveolar bone loss. Report of five cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47(5):463–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Balla R, LoMonaco CJ, Skribner J, Lin LM. Histological study of furcation perforations treated with tricalcium phosphate, hydroxylapatite, amalgam, and Life. J Endod. 1991;17(5):234–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Siew K, Lee AH, Cheung GS. Treatment outcome of repaired root perforation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2015;41:1795–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Bogaerts P. Treatment of root perforations with calcium hydroxide and Super EBA cement: a clinical report. Int Endod J. 1997;30(3):210–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Lemon RR. Nonsurgical repair of perforation defects. Internal matrix concept. Dent Clin North Am. 1992;36(2):439–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Azim AA, Lloyd A, Huang GT. Management of longstanding furcation perforation using a novel approach. J Endod. 2014;40(8):1255–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Panitvisai P, Parunnit P, Sathorn C, Messer HH. Impact of a retained instrument on treatment outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2010;36(5):775–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Wu J, Lei G, Yan M, Yu Y, Yu J, Zhang G. Instrument separation analysis of multi-used ProTaper Universal rotary system during root canal therapy. J Endod. 2011;37(6):758–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Tzanetakis GN, Kontakiotis EG, Maurikou DV, Marzelou MP. Prevalence and management of instrument fracture in the postgraduate endodontic program at the Dental School of Athens: a five-year retrospective clinical study. J Endod. 2008;34(6):675–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Givol N, Rosen E, Taicher S, Tsesis I. Risk management in endodontics. J Endod. 2010;36(6):982–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Cuje J, Bargholz C, Hulsmann M. The outcome of retained instrument removal in a specialist practice. Int Endod J. 2010;43(7):545–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Fu M, Zhang Z, Hou B. Removal of broken files from root canals by using ultrasonic techniques combined with dental microscope: a retrospective analysis of treatment outcome. J Endod. 2011;37(5):619–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Hansen JR, Beeson TJ, Ibarrola JL. Case series: tooth retention 5 years after irretrievable separation of LightSpeedLSX instruments. J Endod. 2013;39(11):1467–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Madarati AA, Qualtrough AJ, Watts DC. Effect of retained fractured instruments on tooth resistance to vertical fracture with or without attempt at removal. Int Endod J. 2010;43(11):1047–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Madarati AA, Qualtrough AJ, Watts DC. Endodontists experience using ultrasonics for removal of intra-canal fractured instruments. Int Endod J. 2010;43(4):301–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Madarati AA, Watts DC. Temperature rise on the external root surface during removal of endodontic fractured instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;18:1135–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Yeng T, Messer HH, Parashos P. Treatment planning the endodontic case. Aust Dent J. 2007;52(1 Suppl):S32–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Madarati AA, Hunter MJ, Dummer PM. Management of intracanal separated instruments. J Endod. 2013;39(5):569–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Shahabinejad H, Ghassemi A, Pishbin L, Shahravan A. Success of ultrasonic technique in removing fractured rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments from root canals and its effect on the required force for root fracture. J Endod. 2013;39(6):824–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Alves RA, Souza JB, Goncalves Alencar AH, Pecora JD, Estrela C. Detection of procedural errors with stainless steel and NiTi instruments by undergraduate students using conventional radiograph and cone beam computed tomography. Iran Endod J. 2013;8(4):160–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  164. ANSI/ADA Specification No. 57 Endodontic Sealing Material. Chicago, IL: ANSI/ADA; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Bodanezi A, Munhoz EA, Capelozza AL, Bernardineli N, Moraes IG, Garcia RB, et al. Influence of root canal sealer on the radiographic appearance of filling voids in maxillary single-rooted teeth. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(4):404–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  166. Katz A, Kaffe I, Littner M, Tagger M, Tamse A. Densitometric measurement of radiopacity of Gutta-percha cones and root dentin. J Endod. 1990;16(5):211–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Ahangari Z, Nasser M, Mahdian M, Fedorowicz Z, Marchesan MA. Interventions for the management of external root resorption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;11:CD008003.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Fuss Z, Tsesis I, Lin S. Root resorption--diagnosis, classification and treatment choices based on stimulation factors. Dent Traumatol. 2003;19(4):175–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Heithersay GS. Management of tooth resorption. Aust Dent J. 2007;52(1 Suppl):S105–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Ne RF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL. Tooth resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999;30(1):9–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Creanga AG, Geha H, Sankar V, Teixeira FB, McMahan CA, Noujeim M. Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography in detecting external root resorption. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015;45(3):153–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  172. Oenning AC, Neves FS, Alencar PN, Prado RF, Groppo FC, Haiter-Neto F. External root resorption of the second molar associated with third molar impaction: comparison of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(8):1444–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eyal Rosen, Russell Paul & Igor Tsesis

  2. Private Practice Limited to Endodontics, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Russell Paul

Authors
  1. Eyal Rosen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Russell Paul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Igor Tsesis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eyal Rosen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eyal Rosen

  2. Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Carlos E. Nemcovsky

  3. Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Igor Tsesis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rosen, E., Paul, R., Tsesis, I. (2017). Evidence-Based Decision Making in Dentistry: The Endodontic Perspective. In: Rosen, E., Nemcovsky, C., Tsesis, I. (eds) Evidence-Based Decision Making in Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45733-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45733-8_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45731-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45733-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation