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Bone Material Quality

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Principles of Bone and Joint Research

Part of the book series: Learning Materials in Biosciences ((LMB))

Abstract

One important role of our skeleton is to fulfil mechanical functions and therefore be the mechanical support of our body enabling complex movement and locomotion as well as safety housing for sensitive organs. In this book chapter, you will learn about the characteristics of the bone material and their role for the mechanical performance of the bone at organ level. First, we give an overview of the hierarchical organization of the bone, the heterogeneity of bone material structure and the composition from microscale to nanoscale. Second, we describe important technical terms related to bone deformation; we present bone material quality parameters and discuss their role in bone deformation. Third, we briefly explain the most important current techniques for the characterization of the bone material quality light and electron microscopy methods, X-ray scattering and fluorescence, vibrational spectroscopic techniques, etc. Forth, we present material characteristics in clinical examples of bone fragility including postmenopausal osteoporosis and treatment and osteogenesis imperfecta.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscope

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end products

BMD:

Bone mineral density

BMDD:

Bone mineralization density distribution

BSU:

Bone structural unit

CLSM:

Confocal laser scanning microscopy

ERF:

X-ray fluorescence induced by electrons

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

OI:

Osteogenesis imperfecta

OLCN:

Osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network

qBEI:

Quantitative backscattered electron imaging

qMR:

Quantitative microradiography

RM:

Raman microspectroscopy

SAM:

Scanning acoustic microscopy

SR-XRF:

X-ray at the synchrotron

SRμCT:

Synchrotron radiation microtomography

sSAXS:

Scanning small-angle X-ray scattering

sWAXS:

Scanning wide-angle X-ray scattering

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria

    Paul Roschger, Stéphane Blouin, Eleftherios Paschalis, Sonja Gamsjaeger & Klaus Klaushofer

  2. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, UKH Meidling, Kundratstr. 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria

    Barbara Misof

Authors
  1. Paul Roschger
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  2. Stéphane Blouin
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  3. Eleftherios Paschalis
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  4. Sonja Gamsjaeger
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  5. Klaus Klaushofer
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  6. Barbara Misof
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara Misof .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Peter Pietschmann

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Roschger, P., Blouin, S., Paschalis, E., Gamsjaeger, S., Klaushofer, K., Misof, B. (2017). Bone Material Quality. In: Pietschmann, P. (eds) Principles of Bone and Joint Research. Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58955-8_1

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