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Clinical Management in Early OA

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Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1059))

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis affects an important percentage of the population throughout their life. Several factors seem to be related to the development of knee osteoarthritis including genetic predisposition, gender, age, meniscal deficiency, lower limb malalignments, joint instability, cartilage defects, and increasing sports participation. The latter has contributed to a higher prevalence of early onset of knee osteoarthritis at younger ages with this active population demanding more consistent and durable outcomes. The diagnosis is complex and the common signs and symptoms are often cloaked at these early stages. Classification systems have been developed and are based on the presence of knee pain and radiographic findings coupled with magnetic resonance or arthroscopic evidence of early joint degeneration. Nonsurgical treatment is often the first-line option and is mainly based on daily life adaptations, weight loss, and exercise, with pharmacological agents having only a symptomatic role. Surgical treatment shows positive results in relieving the joint symptomatology, increasing the knee function and delaying the development to further degenerative stages. Biologic therapies are an emerging field showing early promising results; however, further high-level research is required.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Surgery at Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho E.P.E, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

    Rita Grazina & José Marinhas

  2. Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal

    Renato Andrade, Ricardo Bastos, Rogério Pereira, José Marinhas & João Espregueira-Mendes

  3. Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal

    Renato Andrade, Ricardo Bastos, José Marinhas & João Espregueira-Mendes

  4. Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Renato Andrade & Rogério Pereira

  5. Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ricardo Bastos

  6. SMIC Dragão - Serviço Médico de Imagem Computorizada, Porto, Portugal

    Daniela Costa

  7. Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal

    Rogério Pereira

  8. Real Sporting de Gijón SAD, Gijón, Spain

    António Maestro

  9. FREMAP Mutua de Accidentes, Gijón, Spain

    António Maestro

  10. Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal

    João Espregueira-Mendes

  11. 3B’s Research Group–Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal

    João Espregueira-Mendes

  12. ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

    João Espregueira-Mendes

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  1. Rita Grazina
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  8. João Espregueira-Mendes
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Correspondence to João Espregueira-Mendes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    J. Miguel Oliveira

  2. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Sandra Pina

  3. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Rui L. Reis

  4. Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Julio San Roman

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Grazina, R. et al. (2018). Clinical Management in Early OA. In: Oliveira, J., Pina, S., Reis, R., San Roman, J. (eds) Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1059. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_5

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