Abstract
This paper investigates End-User Development of Information Visualization. More specifically, we investigated how existing visualization tools allow end-user developers to construct visualizations. End-user developers have some developing or scripting skills to perform relatively advanced tasks such as data manipulation, but no formal training in programming. 18 visualization tools were surveyed from an end-user developer perspective. The results of this survey study show that end-user developers need better tools to create and modify custom visualizations. A closer collaboration between End-User Development and Information Visualization researchers could contribute towards the development of better tools to support custom visualizations. In addition, as empirical evaluations of these tools are lacking both research communities should focus more on this aspect. The study serves as a starting point towards the engagement of end-user developers in visualization development.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., Shneiderman, B. (eds.): Readings in information visualization: using vision to think. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (1999)
Koh, L.C., Slingsby, A., Dykes, J., Kam, T.S.: Developing and applying a user-centered model for the design and implementation of information visualization tools. In: 2011 15th International Conference on Information Visualisation, pp. 90–95 (2011)
Nardi, B.A.: A small matter of programming: perspectives on end user computing. MIT Press, Cambridge (1993)
Cypher, A., Halbert, D.C., Kurlander, D., Lieberman, H., Maulsby, D., Myers, B.A., Turransky, A. (eds.): Watch what I do: programming by demonstration. MIT Press, Cambridge (1993)
Lieberman, H.: Your wish is my command: programming by example. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (2001)
Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V.: End User Development (Human-Computer Interaction Series). Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus (2006)
Pane, J., Myers, B.: More natural programming languages and environments. In: Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) End User Development. Human-Computer Interaction Series, vol. 9, pp. 31–50. Springer, Netherlands (2006)
Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Klann, M., Wulf, V.: End-user development: An emerging paradigm. In: Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) End User Development. Human-Computer Interaction Series, vol. 9, pp. 1–8. Springer, Netherlands (2006)
Boehm, B., Clark, B., Horowitz, E., Westland, C., Madachy, R., Selby, R.: Cost models for future software life cycle processes: Cocomo 2.0. Annals of Software Engineering, 57–94 (1995)
Scaffidi, C., Shaw, M., Myers, B.: Estimating the numbers of end users and end user programmers. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, VLHCC 2005, pp. 207–214. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2005)
Klann, M., Paternò, F., Wulf, V.: Future perspectives in end-user development. In: Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) End User Development. Human-Computer Interaction Series, vol. 9, pp. 475–486. Springer, Netherlands (2006)
Bolmsten, J., Dittrich, Y.: Infrastructuring when you don’t – end-user development and organizational infrastructure. In: Costabile, M.F., Dittrich, Y., Fischer, G., Piccinno, A. (eds.) IS-EUD 2011. LNCS, vol. 6654, pp. 139–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
MacLean, A., Carter, K., Lövstrand, L., Moran, T.: User-tailorable systems: pressing the issues with buttons. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 1990, pp. 175–182. ACM, New York (1990)
Dittrich, Y., Lindeberg, O., Lundberg, L.: End-user development as adaptive maintenance. In: Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) End User Development. Human-Computer Interaction Series, vol. 9, pp. 295–313. Springer, Netherlands (2006)
Ko, A.J., Abraham, R., Beckwith, L., Blackwell, A., Burnett, M., Erwig, M., Scaffidi, C., Lawrance, J., Lieberman, H., Myers, B., Rosson, M.B., Rothermel, G., Shaw, M., Wiedenbeck, S.: The state of the art in end-user software engineering. ACM Comput. Surv. 43(3), 21:1–21:44 (2011)
Rode, J., Rosson, M.B., Quinones, M.A.P.: End user development of web applications. In: Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) End User Development. Human-Computer Interaction Series, vol. 9. Springer, Netherlands (2006)
Spence, R.: Information Visualization: Design for Interaction, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River (2007)
Shneiderman, B.: The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In: Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, VL 1996, pp. 336–343. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (1996)
Plaisant, C., Mushlin, R., Snyder, A., Li, J., Heller, D., Shneiderman, B., Colorado, K.P.: Lifelines: Using visualization to enhance navigation and analysis of patient records. In: Proceedings of the 1998 American Medical Informatic Association Annual Fall Symposium, pp. 76–80 (1998)
Wang, T.D., Plaisant, C., Quinn, A.J., Stanchak, R., Murphy, S., Shneiderman, B.: Aligning temporal data by sentinel events: discovering patterns in electronic health records. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2008, pp. 457–466. ACM (2008)
Wongsuphasawat, K., Guerra Gómez, J.A., Plaisant, C., Wang, T.D., Taieb-Maimon, M., Shneiderman, B.: Lifeflow: visualizing an overview of event sequences. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2011, pp. 1747–1756. ACM (2011)
Aigner, W., Miksch, S., Schumann, H., Tominski, C.: Visualization of Time-Oriented Data, 1st edn. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated (2011)
Fekete, J.D.: The infovis toolkit. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization 2004, pp. 167–174 (2004)
Heer, J., Card, S.K., Landay, J.A.: prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2005, pp. 421–430. ACM (2005)
Bostock, M., Ogievetsky, V., Heer, J.: D3 data-driven documents. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 17(12), 2301–2309 (2011)
Spotfire, http://spotfire.tibco.com/ (accessed August 2011)
Tableau, http://www.tableausoftware.com/ (accessed August 2011)
Omniscope, http://www.visokio.com/ (accessed August 2011)
Flare, http://flare.prefuse.org/ (accessed August 2011)
Microsoft Excel, http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/ (accessed August 2011)
Thomas, J.J., Cook, K.A.: A visual analytics agenda. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 26(1), 10–13 (2006)
Slocum, T.A., Cliburn, D.C., Feddema, J.J., Miller, J.R.: Evaluating the Usability of a Tool for Visualizing the Uncertainty of the Future Global Water Balance. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 299–317 (October 2003)
Robinson, A.C., Chen, J., Lengerich, E.J., Meyer, H.G., MacEachren, A.M.: Combining usability techniques to design geovisualization tools for epidemiology. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 32(4), 243–255 (2005)
Roth, R., Ross, K., Finch, B., Luo, W., MacEachren, A.: A user-centered approach for designing and developing spatiotemporal crime analysis tools. In: GIScience 2010 (2010)
Norman, D.A.: The Design of Everyday Things. Doubleday Business (1990)
Nielsen, J.: Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco (1993)
Aigner, W., Miksch, S., Müller, W., Schumann, H., Tominski, C.: Visual methods for analyzing time-oriented data (January 2008)
Plaisant, C.: The challenge of information visualization evaluation. In: Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 2004, pp. 109–116. ACM (2004)
Heer, J., van Ham, F., Carpendale, S., Weaver, C., Isenberg, P.: Creation and collaboration: Engaging new audiences for information visualization. In: Kerren, A., Stasko, J.T., Fekete, J.-D., North, C. (eds.) Information Visualization. LNCS, vol. 4950, pp. 92–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Mackinlay, J.: Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information. ACM Trans. Graph. 5(2), 110–141 (1986)
Roth, S.F., Mattis, J.: Automating the presentation of information (1991)
Roth, S.F., Kolojejchick, J., Mattis, J., Chuah, M.C.: Sagetools: an intelligent environment for sketching, browsing, and customizing data-graphics. In: Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 1995, pp. 409–410. ACM (1995)
Chuah, M.C., Roth, S.F., Kerpedjiev, S.: Intelligent multimedia information retrieval, pp. 83–111. MIT Press (1997)
Cheng, M., Livny, M., Ramakrishnan, R.: Visual analysis of stream data. In: Proceedings of SPIE/The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 2410, pp. 108–119 (1995)
Livny, M., Ramakrishnan, R., Beyer, K., Chen, G., Donjerkovic, D., Lawande, S., Myllymaki, J., Wenger, K.: Devise: integrated querying and visual exploration of large datasets. In: Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 1997, pp. 301–312. ACM (1997)
Takatsuka, M., Gahegan, M.: Geovista studio: a codeless visual programming environment for geoscientific data analysis and visualization. Comput. Geosci. 28(10), 1131–1144 (2002)
Bederson, B.B., Grosjean, J., Meyer, J.: Toolkit design for interactive structured graphics. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 30, 535–546 (2004)
Weaver, C.: Building highly-coordinated visualizations in improvise. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, pp. 159–166. IEEE Computer Society (2004)
Bostock, M., Heer, J.: Protovis: A graphical toolkit for visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15(6), 1121–1128 (2009)
Akasaka, R.: Protoviewer: a web-based visual design environment for protovis. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters, SIGGRAPH 2011, p. 85:1. ACM (2011)
Processing, http://www.processing.com/ (accessed August 2011)
GOOGLE CHART TOOLS, http://code.google.com/apis/chart/ (accessed October 2011)
Viegas, F.B., Wattenberg, M., van Ham, F., Kriss, J., McKeon, M.: Manyeyes: a site for visualization at internet scale. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 1121–1128 (2007)
Welch, B.B.: Practical programming in Tcl and Tk, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River (1997)
Stolte, C., Hanrahan, P.: Polaris: a system for query, analysis and visualization of multi-dimensional relational databases. In: IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, InfoVis 2000, pp. 5–14 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pantazos, K., Lauesen, S., Vatrapu, R. (2013). End-User Development of Information Visualization. In: Dittrich, Y., Burnett, M., Mørch, A., Redmiles, D. (eds) End-User Development. IS-EUD 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7897. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38706-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38706-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38705-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38706-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)