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Angeborene Herz- und Gefäßanomalien

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Pädiatrie

Zusammenfassung

Acht bis zehn von 1000 lebend geborenen Kindern haben eine angeborene Herz- oder Gefäßanomalie. Hierbei sind der offene Ductus arteriosus des Frühgeborenen sowie im Kindesalter oft nicht auffallende, aber durchaus häufige Anomalien wie die bikuspide Aortenklappe, der Mitralklappenprolaps, asymptomatische Aortenbogenanomalien und eine persistierende linke V. cava superior nicht mitgerechnet. Bei 2–3 von 1000 Neugeborenen ist die Anomalie so schwer, dass sie bereits im Säuglingsalter Symptome verursacht und einer Behandlung bedarf. Die Prävalenz angeborener Herz- und Gefäßanomalien bei Spontanaborten bzw. Totgeburten ist mit ca. 15 % bzw. 3–4 % erheblich höher als bei lebendgeborenen Kindern.

Die relative Häufigkeit einzelner Herz- und Gefäßanomalien bei Neugeborenen geht aus Tab. 172.1 hervor, in der die Daten der sog. PAN-Studie aus Deutschland zusammengeführt sind. Da viele Anomalien in Kombination mit anderen auftreten, erfolgt die Klassifizierung nach dem klinisch führenden Defekt. Alle Untersuchungen zeigen übereinstimmend, dass der Ventrikelseptumdefekt der bei Weitem häufigste Herzfehler ist.

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  1. Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde, Abt. für Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Adenauerallee 119, 53113, Bonn, Deutschland

    Johannes Breuer Prof. Dr. med.

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  1. Johannes Breuer Prof. Dr. med.
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  1. Zentrum für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Georg F. Hoffmann

  2. Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung, Dortmund, Germany

    Michael J. Lentze

  3. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Jürgen Spranger

  4. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Fred Zepp

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Breuer, J. (2014). Angeborene Herz- und Gefäßanomalien. In: Hoffmann, G., Lentze, M., Spranger, J., Zepp, F. (eds) Pädiatrie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41866-2_172

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